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1
参考中文标题：
Pilomatricomas ：是的超声诊断价值。
PMID及链接：
19296101 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19296101
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze statistically significant diagnostic factors for pilomatricoma on the basis of ultrasonographic features. METHODS: Sonographic images were retrospectively reviewed from 44 pilomatricomas, and from 43 control subjects with other subcutaneous tumors. Two radiologists determined the tumoral shape, margin, echotexture, echogenicity, posterior shadowing, posterior enhancement, hypoechoic rim, internal calcification, and vascularity. RESULTS: The reliable diagnostic factors for pilomatricoma were hypoechogenicity (P < 0.001), heterogenicity (P < 0.05), internal calcification (P < 0.001), hypoechoic rim (P < 0.001), and posterior shadowing (P < 0.001). Scattered dots were the most common patterns of internal calcification. A combination of hypoechogenicity, heterogenicity, internal calcification of scattered-dot pattern, and a hypoechoic rim was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001; odds ratio, 21). CONCLUSIONS: The features of heterogeneous echotexture, internal echogenic foci in scattered-dot pattern, and a hypoechoic rim or posterior shadowing itself could be discriminative ultrasonographic criteria for differentiating pilomatricomas from other subcutaneous tumors.
参考中文摘要：
目的：本研究分析统计意义的因素，毛母质瘤的诊断的基础上，声像图特征。方法：超声图像进行回顾从44 pilomatricomas ，和来自43个对照组与其他皮下肿瘤。确定了两个放射肿瘤形状，边缘， echotexture ，回声，后跟踪，后提高，低回声环，内部钙化，和血管。结果：可靠的诊断因素的毛母质瘤是hypoechogenicity （ P “ 0.001 ） ，异质性（ P ” 0.05 ） ，内部钙化（ P “ 0.001 ） ，低回声环（ P ” 0.001 ） ，后阴影（ P “ 0.001 ） 。散乱点是最常见的模式，内部钙化。结合hypoechogenicity ，异质性，内部钙化的分布点的模式，和一个低环是一个统计学显着性差异两组（ P “ 0.001 ;比值比， 21 ） 。结论：功能异构echotexture ，内部回声灶分散点模式，和一个低环或后跟踪本身可以判别标准的超声鉴别pilomatricomas其他皮下肿瘤。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Mar
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2
参考中文标题：
钆增强磁共振成像膝关节：一种实验方法。
PMID及链接：
19357845 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19357845
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摘 要：
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for monitoring cartilage degeneration. METHODS: This is a proof-of-concept study in an animal model. Adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly stratified into five groups. Papain was injected intra-articularly in the right knee in four groups to establish the stages of cartilage degeneration. The left knee and group 5 served as controls. Bilateral MRI was performed 24 h after the initial injection of papain, and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months following three papain injections. Injection of the contrast agent was followed by bilateral MRI examination immediately upon injection, and at 2 and 4 h post-injection. Signal intensities of articular cartilage and peripheral soft tissues were obtained before animals were sacrificed. Post-mortem bilateral cartilage specimens were studied histologically. RESULTS: Histopathology results verified the staged degeneration of papain-treated articular cartilage. Differences in cartilage signal intensity were significant for the staged model using a special three-dimensional MRI method (P < 0.05) but not using ordinary MRI. No differences were observed within or between the control groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced MRI examination may be a viable tool for early diagnosis of osteoarticular disease. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the potential for clinical application.
参考中文摘要：
目的：本研究的目的是审查钆增强磁共振成像（ MRI ）用于监测软骨退变。方法：这是一种概念证明型研究的动物模型。成年新西兰兔，随机分为5组分层。木瓜注射内articularly中右膝四组建立阶段的软骨退变。的左膝和第5组作为对照。磁共振成像进行双边后24 h的初始注射木瓜蛋白酶， 1周， 1个月， 3个月以下三个木瓜注射。注射造影剂后，双边MRI检查后，立即注射，并在2和4小时后注射。信号强度的关节软骨及周围软组织获得了前动物牺牲。验尸双边软骨病理标本进行了研究。结果：病理结果证实分阶段变性木瓜蛋白酶处理的关节软骨。差异软骨信号强度有显着的舞台模型采用特殊的三维磁共振成像法（ P “ 0.05 ） ，但不使用普通的磁共振成像。无显着差异，观察内部或之间的对照组（ P “ 0.05 ） 。结论：对比增强MRI检查可能是一个可行的工具，早期诊断骨关节疾病。前瞻性研究是必要的，以评估潜在的临床应用价值。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Apr
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3
参考中文标题：
肌肉骨骼超音波正常步行。
PMID及链接：
19407997 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19407997
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摘 要：
Traumatic, degenerative and rheumatological injuries of the foot are common and can be managed by an ever increasing number of treatments and surgical interventions. High-frequency sonography is inexpensive, portable and is unique in allowing true dynamic assessment of the ligamentous, muscular and tendinous structures. The ultrasound technique demonstrates a steep learning curve and requires detailed knowledge of the foot anatomy. Ultrasound assessment plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of injuries of these structures by guiding rehabilitation and surgical intervention without delay. However, intimate knowledge of the ultrasound appearances of the foot anatomy and normal variants is paramount to correctly identify pathological conditions. We describe the normal sonographic appearances of the foot musculoskeletal structures with MR correlation including joints and their ligaments, dorsal and plantar surfaces of the foot, and the arches of the foot and their supporting structures.
参考中文摘要：
外伤性，退行性和rheumatological伤的脚是共同的，可有效控制了越来越多的治疗和外科干预。高频超声是廉价的，便携和的独特之处在于让真正的动态评估的韧带，肌肉和腱的结构。超声波技术表明了陡峭的学习曲线，需要详细了解足部解剖。超声评估中发挥着重要作用的诊断和管理这些结构损伤的康复指导和外科干预，不要拖延。然而，熟悉超声表现的脚解剖及正常变异是至高无上的，以正确地确定病理条件。我们描述了正常的超声表现的脚肌肉骨骼结构与磁共振相关包括关节和韧带，背和足底表面英尺，和拱脚及其支持结构。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 May
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4
参考中文标题：
分析模式的胫骨痂延长软骨发育不全和一种新的评估方法的再生利用像素值。
PMID及链接：
19418051 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19418051
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To relate morphology of new bone formation to outcome after tibial lengthening performed in patients with achondroplasia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 60 tibial segments in 30 achondroplasia patients was performed. There were 22 female patients and eight male patients, with a mean age of 9.8 years. New bone formation was classified by shape, homogeneity and density. Pixel values in relation to original bone were measured using a picture-archiving communication system (PACS). Clinical outcome was described by the external fixator and maturation indices. RESULTS: Mean lengthening was 9.2 cm (range 3-12.7 cm). The mean external fixator index was 23.4 (range 15.1-50). The mean maturation index was 12.3 days/cm (range 6-40 days/cm). Homogeneous pathways were associated with the best clinical results (fixator index 20.4, maturation index 10.8), followed by heterogeneous pathway (external fixator index 26.5, maturation index 16.8) and radiolucent pathway (fixator index 31.2, maturation index 21.4). Both cylindrical (external fixator index 25.2, maturation index 14.5) and concave (external fixator index 26.6, maturation index 16.3) callus shapes were favourable. Mineralization of new bone became equal to that of normal bone within 16 weeks (mean) for homogeneous pathway, 12 weeks for heterogeneous pathway and 32 weeks for lucent pathway. CONCLUSION: The type of new bone formation seen on radiographs is related to clinical outcome, with homogeneous pathways being the most favourable ones.
参考中文摘要：
目的：与形态的新骨形成成果完成后，胫骨延长患者的软骨发育不全。材料与方法：回顾性分析60胫骨部分30软骨发育不全患者进行。有22个和8名女性患者的男性病人，平均年龄为9.8岁。新骨形成是按形状，均匀性和密度。像素值与原始骨测量使用图片存档通讯系统（ PACS系统） 。临床结果所描述外固定架和成熟指数。结果：平均延长9.2厘米（范围3-12.7厘米） 。外固定支架的平均指数为23.4 （范围15.1-50 ） 。成熟指数平均为12.3天/厘米（范围6-40天/厘米） 。均质途径都与最好的临床效果（固定架指数4月20日，成熟指数10.8 ） ，其次是异构通路（外固定架指数26.5 ，成熟指数16.8 ）和radiolucent途径（固定架指数31.2 ，成熟指数4月21日） 。这两个圆柱（外固定架指数25.2 ，成熟指数14.5 ）和凹（外固定架指数26.6 ，成熟指数3月16日）有利于愈伤组织的形态。新骨矿化成为相当于正常骨内的16周（平均）为均质通路， 12个星期的异构通路和32周的朗讯途径。结论：该类型的新骨形成片上看到有关的临床结果，均匀途径是最有利的。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 May
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5
参考中文标题：
第二十二度倾斜摄影的评价外侧肱骨髁骨折的儿童。
PMID及链接：
19434409 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19434409
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of '20 degrees -tilt anteroposterior (A-P) radiography' in the assessment of lateral condylar fractures of the distal humerus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen children with lateral humeral condylar fractures were studied. Every child underwent conventional A-P and lateral radiography, and six children underwent multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). For the investigation of 20 degrees -tilt radiography, ten children with lateral humeral condylar fractures had conventional and 20 degrees -tilt A-P and lateral radiography both preoperatively and postoperatively. Fragment dislocation was measured at the lateral and medial margins of the fracture on both the conventional A-P and 20 degrees -tilt A-P radiographs. RESULTS: The lateral condylar fragment was triangular and was most prominent posteriorly. The fracture line was typically tilted approximately 20 degrees to a reference line perpendicular to the long axis of the humerus in the lateral view. The extent of dislocation at the lateral and medial margins of the fracture site by 20 degrees -tilt A-P radiography (9.3 +/- 3.6 mm and 5.6 +/- 2.5 mm) was significantly wider than that measured by the conventional method (6.8 +/- 4.1 mm and 2.0 +/- 1.5 mm ), which may influence treatment. CONCLUSION: Twenty-degree-tilt A-P radiography may more precisely demonstrate fragment dislocation than standard radiographs and may influence patient treatment.
参考中文摘要：
目的：探讨疗效'20度倾斜前后（记者）摄影'在评估髁骨折肱骨远端。材料与方法： 18侧儿童肱骨髁骨折进行了研究。每个儿童进行常规AP和横向照相，和6名儿童进行了多探测器计算机断层扫描（多排螺旋CT ） 。调查的20度倾斜摄影， 10名儿童外侧肱骨髁骨折了常规和20度倾斜美联社和横向照相术前和术后均。片段脱位是衡量外侧和内侧边缘骨折常规AP和20度倾斜美联社片。结果：髁片段三角，是最突出的向后。骨折线通常是倾斜约20度的参考线垂直于长轴肱骨在侧面。脱位的程度，在横向和内侧边缘骨折网站的20度倾斜美联社摄影（ 9.3 + / - 3.6毫米和5.6 + / - 2.5毫米）明显高于广泛的常规测量方法（ 6.8 + / - 4.1毫米和2.0 + / - 1.5毫米） ，这可能会影响治疗。结论： 24度倾斜美联社摄影可以更精确地显示片段脱位超过标准线，并可能影响患者治疗。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 May
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6
参考中文标题：
评价数量和孤立性骨囊肿重塑采用传统的放射检查。
PMID及链接：
19440706 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19440706
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cyst remodeling, including complete healing and recurrence, and its relation to the cyst volume in two groups of patients, using curettage and bone grafting or methylprednisolone injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on data from 132 patients with solitary bone cyst, where 79 (59.9%) had undergone curettage and bone grafting and 53 (40.1%) had been administered methylprednisolone injection, with a mean time to follow up of 12 years. The cyst volume was evaluated from conventional radiographs and the method originally reported by G?bel et al. to evaluate the volume of Ewing's sarcoma. The results were analyzed using the criteria of Neer et al. and Capanna et al. RESULTS: The mean cyst volume was 36.8 cm(3). Recurrence was noted in 16 (20.2%) patients treated with curettage and in nine (17.0%) treated with methylprednisolone. Cyst volume in patients treated with curettage and bone grafting ranged from 8.3 cm(3) to 100.0 cm(3) and with methylprednisolone from 14.0 cm(3) to 50.6 cm(3) . In neither group was the cyst volume related to recurrence. Volumes from 1.3 cm(3) to 81.9 cm(3) were stated for patients treated with curettage and bone grafting, when complete healing was observed; they were significantly lower than for those of the total group of patients who underwent curettage and bone grafting. CONCLUSIONS: 1. An association between solitary cyst volume and recurrence in patients treated with either bone curettage and grafting or methylprednisolone was not found. 2. The frequency of complete healing in patients treated with bone curettage and grafting decreased with an increase in the cyst volume.
参考中文摘要：
目的：评价囊肿重塑，包括完全愈合及复发，及其与囊肿体积两组患者，使用刮除植骨或甲泼尼龙注射。材料与方法：回顾性分析的数据进行了132例从孤立性骨囊肿，其中79 （ 59.9 ％ ）经历了刮除植骨和53 （ 40.1 ％ ）已管理甲泼尼龙注射，平均时间为后续成立12年。囊肿量进行了评价，并从传统的X光片的方法最初公布由G ？贝尔等人。评价数量的尤文氏肉瘤。结果分析用的标准，工程师等。和Capanna等。结果：囊肿体积为36.8厘米（ 3 ） 。复发中指出的16个（ 20.2 ％ ）患者术和9 （ 17.0 ％ ）甲泼尼龙治疗。囊肿体积治疗的患者，刮除并植骨不等八点三厘米（ 3 ）百点○厘米（ 3 ）和甲基强的松龙从十四点〇厘米（ 3 ）至50.6厘米（ 3 ） 。在既不组囊肿体积复发。量从1.3厘米（ 3 ）至81.9厘米（ 3 ）指出的患者刮除植骨，完全愈合后，观察，他们均明显低于那些总组患者谁进行刮植骨。结论： 1 。联系孤立囊肿数量和复发治疗的患者，要么骨移植或刮甲泼尼龙没有被发现。 2 。频率完全愈合治疗的患者，骨移植术，并减少与增加囊肿体积。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 May
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7
参考中文标题：
评价早期组织反应后腰椎intertransverse进程融合使用CT在兔。
PMID及链接：
19554327 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19554327
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate tissue reactions such as bone genesis, cartilage genesis and graft materials in the early phase of lumbar intertransverse process fusion in a rabbit model using computed tomography (CT) imaging with CT intensity (Hounsfield units) measurement, and to compare these data with histological results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lumbar intertransverse process fusion was performed on 18 rabbits. Four graft materials were used: autograft bone (n = 3); collagen membrane soaked with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) (n = 5); granular calcium phosphate (n = 5); and granular calcium phosphate coated with rhBMP-2 (n = 5). All rabbits were euthanized 3 weeks post-operatively and lumbar spines were removed for CT imaging and histological examination. RESULTS: Computed tomography imaging demonstrated that each fusion mass component had the appropriate CT intensity range. CT also showed the different distributions and intensities of bone genesis in the fusion masses between the groups. Each component of tissue reactions was identified successfully on CT images using the CT intensity difference. Using CT color mapping, these observations could be easily visualized, and the results correlated well with histological findings. CONCLUSIONS: The use of CT intensity is an effective approach for observing and comparing early tissue reactions such as newly synthesized bone, newly synthesized cartilage, and graft materials after lumbar intertransverse process fusion in a rabbit model.
参考中文摘要：
目的：研究的目的是评估组织的反应，如骨起源，成因及软骨移植材料在早期阶段的腰椎融合intertransverse进程中使用动物模型计算断层扫描（ CT ）成像与CT强度（菲尔德单位）测量，并比较这些数据与病理结果。材料与方法：腰intertransverse进程的融合上进行18只。四个移植材料被用来：自体骨（ 3例） ;胶原膜浸泡重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2 （重组人BMP - 2 ） （ 5例） ;颗粒磷酸钙（ 5例） ;和颗粒磷酸钙涂层与骨形成蛋白-2 （ 5例） 。所有兔安乐死3周手术后和腰椎被拆除的CT影像和病理检查。结果：计算机断层扫描成像技术显示，每一个组成部分融合了大规模的CT强度适当的范围内。电脑断层也显示了不同的分布和强度的骨生成的融合群众之间的群体。每一组成部分的组织反应，被确定CT图像上成功使用的CT强度差。利用CT彩色绘图，这些意见可以很容易地可视化，以及相关的结果以及与组织的调查结果。结论：使用强度的CT是一种有效的方法，观察和比较早期组织的反应，如新合成骨，新合成的软骨和移植材料后腰椎intertransverse进程融合在一个兔模型。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Jun
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8
参考中文标题：
磁共振外观后上方labral剥离回绑架和在肱骨外旋。
PMID及链接：
19557410 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19557410
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To describe the magnetic resonance appearance of posterosuperior labral peel back and determine the reliability of MR in the abducted and externally rotated (ABER) position for the prospective diagnosis of arthroscopically proven cases of posterosuperior labral peel back. METHODS: After approval by the institutional review board (IRB) of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA, databases of patients who underwent arthroscopy over a 2-year period for one of three clinical diagnoses [suspected type 2 superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears, posterior instability, or multidirectional instability] were reviewed after anonymization by an honest broker. Sixty-three cases were selected by the following inclusion criteria: operative report documenting labral peel back in the ABER position, age <40 years, and preceding MR arthrogram evaluations with images in the ABER position (n = 34). Inclusion criteria for the control group differed from those for the case group insofar as the operative note documented the absence of posterosuperior labral peel back (n = 29). Cases and controls were randomized in one list and evaluated independently by two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists unaware of the surgical results and using a three-point grading system (0 = posterosuperior labrum normally positioned lateral/craniad to glenoid articular plane in ABER; 1 = posterosuperior labral tissue flush with the glenoid articular plane in ABER; 2 = posterosuperior labral tissue identified medial/caudal to glenoid articular plane in ABER). Only one image in ABER showing abnormal posterosuperior labral position was required for a grade of 1 or 2 to be assigned. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value were calculated as well as the level of agreement between readers (kappa). RESULTS: Both readers assigned a grade of 2 to 25 of 34 patients with surgically proven labral peel back. Of the patients with surgically proven SLAP tears with peel back in ABER, reader A assigned a grade of 1 to seven patients and a grade of 0 to two patients, while reader B assigned a grade of 1 to eight patients and a grade of 0 to one patient. In the control group of 29 patients, reader A assigned 28 patients a grade of 0, one patient a grade 1, and no patients a grade 2. Reader B assigned 27 patients a grade of 0, two a grade 1, and no patients a grade 2. After the data had been dichotomized, with grade 1 and 0 cases both being regarded as negative, the MR criteria showed a sensitivity of 73%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 78%. The kappa coefficient of inter-rater agreement was excellent at 0.9, with disagreement in only four of 63 cases. In five of the 34 cases with peel back, a labral tear, defined by imbibition of contrast agent within a gap between labrum and underlying glenoid bone, could not be identified in standard planes in the neutral position. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the glenoid articular plane as a reference line to evaluate labral peel back in the abducted and externally rotated position is a fairly accurate and highly precise method for detection of posterosuperior labral peel back. Raising the possibility of labral peel back may help alert the arthroscopist to the presence of superior labral instability while the arm is abducted and externally rotated.
参考中文摘要：
目的：磁共振外观后上方labral剥离后确定的可靠性，在被绑架的议员和外部旋转（埃伯）的位置为未来的诊断证明案件关节后上方labral剥回。方法：核准后的机构审查委员会（ IRB ）的美国匹兹堡大学医学中心，美国，数据库的病人进行了关节镜谁超过了2年期三种临床诊断[怀疑2型上盂唇前到后（巴掌）眼泪，后不稳定，或多方位不稳定]进行了审查后，匿名的一个诚实的中间人。 63例被选定下列纳入标准：执行报告，记录labral皮回到埃伯立场，年龄“ 40年来，和前面的MR关节造影评价与图像埃伯立场（ 34例） 。纳入标准的对照组不同于组的情况下，只要执行注意到没有记载后上方labral皮尔回（ 29例） 。病例组和对照，随机在一个清单和评估的两个独立研究训练肌肉骨骼放射知道手术结果和使用三点分级系统（ 0 =后上方唇侧通常定位/ craniad以盂关节面埃伯; 1 =冲洗后上方labral组织的盂关节面埃伯; 2 =后上方labral组织确定内侧/尾，以盂关节面埃伯） 。只有一个形象埃伯显示异常后上方labral立场是所需要的等级的1或2要指派。敏感性，特异性，阳性和阴性预测值分别计算，以及一级读者之间的协议（ Kappa值） 。结果：读者指派一个年级的2至25日的34例手术证实labral剥离回来。患者的手术证明巴掌眼泪与皮尔在埃伯，读者指派一个年级的1名病人和等级0到2例，而读者乙指派一个年级的1至8名病人和等级0 1例。对照组29例，读者指定的28例的0级， 1级1例，无患者二级。读者乙指派27例级为0 ，两个1级，也没有病人二级。数据公布后，已再二，与1级和零案件都被视为消极的，标准的磁共振表现出的敏感性为73 ％ ，特异性为100 ％ ，阳性预测值为100 ％ ，阴性预测值的78 ％ 。系数的转录间协议是出色的评分是0.9 ，与分歧中，只有4个63例。在五年的34例剥离回，一个labral撕裂，界定吸内的造影剂之间存在着差距和潜在的关节唇骨，无法确定标准的飞机在中立的立场。结论：使用盂关节面作为参考线，以评估labral皮早在被绑架和外部旋转的立场是相当准确和高度精确的检测方法的后上方labral皮回来。提高的可能性labral皮回可帮助提醒arthroscopist的存在上级labral不稳定而ARM是绑架和外部旋转。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Jun
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9
参考中文标题：
愈伤组织再生的特点股骨骨折病例延长软骨发育不全。
PMID及链接：
19572129 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19572129
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OBJECTIVE: We studied the callus features seen in cases of regenerate fracture in femoral lengthening using a monolateral fixator in achondroplasia to determine whether callus types and shapes can predict the probability of callus fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The radiographs of 28 cases of femoral lengthening in 14 patients, 14 cases of callus fracture, and 14 cases without callus fracture were retrospectively analyzed by four observers and classified into different shapes and types in concordance with the Ru Li classification. RESULTS: The average lengthening of 9.4 cm (range 7.5-11.8 cm) was achieved, which was 41% (range 30-55%) of the original length and the average timing of callus fracture was 470 days (range 440-545 days) after surgery in the callus fracture group. While the average lengthening of 9.1 cm (range 8-9.7 cm) was achieved, this was 30% (range 28-32%) of the original length in the group of patients without callus fracture. The callus was atypically shaped, there was a 48% average (range 30-72%) reduction of the callus width compared with the natural width of the femur, and a lucent pathway was present in all cases of regenerate fracture. CONCLUSION: A lucent pathway was seen in all fracture cases with concave, lateral, and atypical shapes, and there was more than 30% lengthening and 30% reduction of the callus width compared with the natural width of the femur, which are the warning signs for regenerate fractures. These signs help the surgeon to predict the outcome and guide him in planning for any additional interventions. The Ru Li classification is an effective method for the evaluation of the chance of callus fracture.
参考中文摘要：
目的：研究了愈伤组织的功能，看到的情况下再生骨折股骨延长使用monolateral固定架软骨发育不全，以确定是否愈伤组织类型和形状可以预测的概率愈伤骨折。材料与方法： X线28例股骨延长术14例， 14例骨痂骨折， 14例无骨痂骨折进行回顾性分析了四个观察员和划分成不同形状和类型的和谐与李茹分类。结果：平均延长了9.4厘米（ 7月5号至11月8号范围厘米）实现，这是41 ％ （范围30-55 ％ ）的原始长度和愈伤组织的平均时间为470骨折天（范围440-545天）手术后的骨痂骨折组。虽然平均延长9.1厘米（范围8-9.7厘米）实现，这是30 ％ （范围28-32 ％ ）的原始长度组中无骨痂骨折。非典型的愈伤组织形成，有48 ％的平均水平（范围30-72 ％ ）减少愈伤宽度与自然宽度股骨和朗讯通路是目前在所有情况下，再生骨折。结论：朗讯通路被视为在所有骨折例凹侧面，并非典型的形状，并有30 ％以上延长和减少30 ％的愈伤组织宽度与自然宽度股骨，这是警告标志为再生骨折。这些迹象帮助医生预测的结果，并指导他在规划任何其他干预措施。在李茹分类是一种有效的方法评价的机会愈伤骨折。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Jul
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10
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半月板的眼泪流离失所片段：共同模式的磁共振成像。
PMID及链接：
19588137 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19588137
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OBJECTIVE: To identify the commonly occurring patterns of small displaced tears of the menisci of the knee on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of knee MRI scans over 16 months at two hospitals provided 70 studies with 73 displaced meniscal fragments for analysis. Fragment position was recorded. RESULTS: Two common positions were identified for medial fragments. For the medial meniscus, 93% of fragments were positioned medially or posterolaterally. The medially displaced fragments were positioned in either the superior or inferior recesses. Lateral meniscal fragments were more evenly dispersed. CONCLUSION: The pattern of small displaced tears of the medial meniscus is highly predictable. Awareness of the typical locations of these fragments should aid the reporter in identifying these lesions on MRI.
参考中文摘要：
目的：确定常见模式小流离失所眼泪的膝关节半月板的磁共振成像（ MRI ） 。材料与方法：回顾性膝关节核磁共振扫描超过16个月，两所医院的研究提供了70个半月板有73流离失所碎片进行分析。片段立场记录在案。结果： 2的共同立场，确定了内侧的碎片。为内侧半月板， 93 ％的片段，定位内侧或posterolaterally 。流离失所的内侧片段定位于要么优劣凹槽。外侧半月板碎片更均匀地分散。结论：该模式的小流离失所眼泪的内侧半月板的高度可预测性。认识到这些典型的地点应援助片段记者在确定这些病变的MRI 。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Jul
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11
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基线模式的骨显像患者建立后小儿麻痹症瘫痪。
PMID及链接：
19593558 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19593558
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INTRODUCTION: Post-poliomyelitis syndrome causes variable musculoskeletal manifestations including pain, muscle weakness and fatigue. These manifestations are commonly secondary to overuse and misuse of muscles and joints and could follow a fall. Bone scan can be useful in determining the underlying cause and follow-up. The objective of this study was to describe the late scintigraphic patterns on bone scan following poliomyelitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bone scans of 8 adult patients (7 female and 1 male), aged 35 to 53 years, who were known to have paralytic poliomyelitis, were retrospectively studied. Six patients had unilateral while 1 had bilateral disease. All patients had three-phase bone scan and 5 had SPECT study as well. Studies were reviewed by two qualified nuclear medicine physicians and findings were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Several patterns were consistently identified: decreased blood pool activity in the affected lower limb of all patients; deformed ipsilateral hemi-pelvis with reduced uptake on the affected side in all patients with unilateral disease; stress changes with increased uptake in the bones of the contra-lateral lower extremity; and degenerative changes in multiple joints (shoulder, knee, hip, ankle and spine). Significant scoliosis was only noted in the patient with bilateral disease. CONCLUSION: Scintigraphic patterns on bone scan associated with the post-poliomyelitis syndrome and persistent weakness following a distant episode of poliomyelitis have been described. Awareness of these characteristic scintigraphic findings may facilitate an accurate diagnosis and lead to more appropriate patient management.
参考中文摘要：
导言：后小儿麻痹症候群的原因变量肌肉骨骼表现包括疼痛，肌肉无力和疲劳。这些表现一般中学过度使用和滥用的肌肉和关节疼痛，并可能跟随下跌。骨扫描可有助于确定的根本原因和后续行动。本研究的目的是描述已故核素骨扫描方式对下列小儿麻痹症。材料与方法：骨骼扫描8例（ 7女1男） ， 35岁至53岁，谁是已知有麻痹型脊髓灰质炎，进行回顾性分析。六名病人已单方面而1双边疾病。所有患者均有三相骨扫描和5断层研究以及。研究审查了两个合格的核医学医师及结果记录和分析。结果：几种模式始终查明：降低血池活性的影响下肢所有病人;变形同侧半骨盆，减少摄取对受影响的一方在所有患者单方面疾病;应力变化与增加摄取的骨头康特拉侧下肢;和退行性改变在多个关节（肩，膝，髋关节，踝关节和脊柱） 。重要的是脊柱侧凸中指出患者双边疾病。结论：核素骨扫描模式与后小儿麻痹症综合症和持续疲软以下一个遥远的事件小儿麻痹症被描述。了解这些特征核素调查结果可能有利于准确的诊断，并导致更适当的病人管理。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Jul
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12
参考中文标题：
影像学特征足骨样骨瘤。
PMID及链接：
19603164 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19603164
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OBJECTIVES: We performed a retrospective review of the imaging of nine patients with a diagnosis of foot osteoid osteoma (OO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiographs, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had been performed in all patients. Radiographic features evaluated were the identification of a nidus and cortical thickening. CT features noted were nidus location (affected bone-intramedullary, intracortical, subarticular) and nidus calcification. MRI features noted were the presence of an identifiable nidus, presence and grade of bone oedema and whether a joint effusion was identified. RESULTS: Of the nine patients, three were female and six male, with a mean age of 21 years (range 11-39 years). Classical symptoms of OO (night pain, relief with aspirin) were identified in five of eight (62.5%) cases (in one case, the medical records could not be retrieved). In five patients the lesion was located in the hindfoot (four calcaneus, one talus), while four were in the mid- or forefoot (two metatarsal and two phalangeal). Radiographs were normal in all patients with hindfoot OO. CT identified the nidus in all cases (89%) except one terminal phalanx lesion, while MRI demonstrated a nidus in six of nine cases (67%). The nidus was of predominantly intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted (T1W) sequences, with intermediate to high signal intensity on T2-weighted (T2W) sequences. High-grade bone marrow oedema, limited to the affected bone and adjacent soft tissue oedema was identified in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: In a young patient with chronic hindfoot pain and a normal radiograph, MRI features suggestive of possible OO include extensive bone marrow oedema limited to one bone, with a possible nidus demonstrated in two-thirds of cases. The presence or absence of a nidus should be confirmed with high-resolution CT.
参考中文摘要：
目的：我们完成了一次回顾性的成像9例诊断为足骨样骨瘤（面向对象） 。材料与方法： X线，计算机断层扫描（ CT ）和磁共振成像（ MRI ）已完成所有病人。影像学表现评价是确定病灶和皮质增厚。 CT特征指出了病灶的位置（受影响的骨内， intracortical ， subarticular ）和病灶钙化。 MRI特点指出了存在的可识别病灶，存在和品位骨水肿，以及是否联合积液被确定。结果： 9例， 3名女性和6名男性，平均年龄21岁（范围11-39岁） 。古典症状对象（夜间疼痛，救济与阿司匹林）确定了5个8 （ 62.5 ％ ）例（在一个案件中，医疗记录无法检索） 。 5例病灶位于足（ 4跟骨，距骨之一） ，而4名在中或前肢（ 2跖骨和两个指骨） 。 X光片是正常的所有患者足对象。的CT确定病灶在所有情况下（ 89 ％ ）只有一个终端方阵病变，而MRI检查显示病灶在6 9例（ 67 ％ ） 。的病灶主要是中间信号强度T1加权（ T1W ）序列，中间为高信号T2加权（ T2加权）序列。高档骨髓水肿，限制向受影响的骨及邻近软组织水肿被确定在所有情况下。结论：在一个年轻的病人，慢性疼痛和足正常X光， MRI表现暗示可能包括广泛的面向对象的骨髓水肿限于一个骨，可能与病灶表现在三分之二的情况下。的存在或缺乏病灶应确认高分辨率CT 。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Jul
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13
参考中文标题：
点击查看机器翻译
PMID及链接：
19662401 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19662401
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PURPOSE: Extensor tendon rupture on the dorsum of the wrist is commonly seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The diagnosis of tendon rupture is usually straightforward, but it is sometimes difficult in the hand with complex deformity. The purposes of this study were to investigate the reliability of three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) imaging of extensor tendons in the rheumatoid wrist and in the normal wrist and to clarify the validity of its clinical application to the diagnosis of tendon rupture in the rheumatoid wrist. METHODS: Preoperative 3DCT images of 48 wrists of 45 patients with RA and 3DCT images of 38 wrists of 38 healthy volunteers were reviewed retrospectively by six orthopaedic surgeons who were unaware of all other study data. Extensor tendon rupture was verified by operation on 20 rheumatoid wrists. RESULTS: Regarding interobserver and intra-observer reliabilities of 3DCT imaging of the extensor tendons, agreement with respect to tendon rupture in this study group was high, and Cohen's kappa (kappa) coefficient was variable, depending on the individual tendon. Positive predictive value (PPV) of tendon rupture in the extensor digiti minimi (EDM), extensor digitorum communis (EDC) V and IV and extensor pollicis longs (EPL) tendons was more than 60%, but those for the other extensor tendons were less than 50%. Negative predictive value (NPV) was more than 96% in all extensor tendons, in both rheumatoid and normal wrists. CONCLUSIONS: Extensor tendons in normal and rheumatoid wrists were well depicted by 3DCT imaging. In the rheumatoid wrists, extensors of the ring and little fingers and the thumb were depicted more accurately than those to the other fingers. 3DCT imaging was clinically applicable to wrists for which it was difficult to diagnose by physical examination a definite cause for the loss of extension of the fingers.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Aug
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14
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近端的尺谱synostosis发展。
PMID及链接：
19669136 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19669136
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OBJECTIVE: Proximal radioulnar synostosis is a rare upper limb malformation. The elbow is first identifiable at 35 days (after conception), at which stage the cartilaginous anlagen of the humerus, radius and ulna are continuous. Subsequently, longitudinal segmentation produces separation of the distal radius and ulna. However, temporarily, the proximal ends are united and continue to share a common perichondrium. We investigated the hypothesis that posterior congenital dislocation of the radial head and proximal radioulnar fusion are different clinical manifestations of the same primary developmental abnormality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records were searched for "proximal radioulnar fusion/posterior radial head dislocation" in patients followed at the local Children's Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre for Children. Relevant radiographic, demographic and clinical data were recorded. Ethics approval was obtained through the University Research Ethics Board. RESULTS: In total, 28 patients met the inclusion criteria. The majority of patients (16) had bilateral involvement; eight with posterior dislocation of the radial head only; five had posterior radial head dislocation with radioulnar fusion and two had radioulnar fusion without dislocation. One patient had bilateral proximal radioulnar fusion and posterior dislocation of the left radial head. Nine patients had only left-sided involvement, and three had only right-sided involvement.The degree of proximal fusion varied, with some patients showing 'complete' proximal fusion and others showing fusion that occurred slightly distal to the radial head: 'partially separated.' Associated disorders in our cohort included Poland syndrome (two patients), Cornelia de Lange syndrome, chromosome anomalies (including tetrasomy X) and Cenani Lenz syndactyly. CONCLUSION: The suggestion of a developmental relationship between posterior dislocation of the radial head and proximal radioulnar fusion is supported by the fact that both anomalies can occur in the same patient. Furthermore, both anomalies can be seen in different patients with the same genetic diagnosis, further supporting the notion that these defects are developmentally related. Posterior dislocation of the radial head and radioulnar fusion are considered to be related primary developmental anomalies of radioulnar differentiation/segmentation. We speculate that the eventual specific defect of this spectrum is influenced by very subtle differences in developmental timing. This is in contrast to patients with transverse forearm defects who can also display radial head dislocation but in an anterior or lateral direction. This direction of dislocation is seen when an abnormal force is exerted on a normally formed radial head later in development or postnatally in disorders such as multiple osteochondromatosis and various mesomelic dysplasias, or as a result of trauma.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Aug
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15
参考中文标题：
早期发现的类风湿和糜烂性与高分辨率单光子发射计算机断层扫描手指关节骨关节炎改变，以及它们之间的差异。
PMID及链接：
19669137 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19669137
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate high-resolution multi-pinhole single photon emission computed tomography (MPH-SPECT) for the detection of bony alterations in early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA), early osteoarthritis (EOA) of the fingers and healthy controls. METHODS: The clinically dominant hands of 27 patients (13 ERA, nine EOA, five healthy controls) were examined by MPH-SPECT and bone scintigraphy. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in the ERA patients. Number of affected joints, localisation, pattern of tracer distribution and joint involvement were scored. Quantitative analysis was achieved by measurement of the region of interest (ROI) in all patients. The MPH-SPECT and MR images were fused in the ERA group. RESULTS: Bone scintigraphy detected fewer joints (26 joints,13/22 patients) with increased tracer uptake than did MPH-SPECT (80 joints, 21/22 patients). Bone scintigraphy did not show recognisable uptake patterns in any group of patients. With MPH-SPECT central tracer distribution was typical in ERA (10/13 patients, EOA 2/9). In contrast, an eccentric pattern was found predominantly in EOA (7/9, ERA 2/13). Normalised counts were 4.5 in unaffected joints and up to 222.7 in affected joints. The mean uptake values in affected joints were moderately higher in the EOA patients (78.75, and 62.16 in ERA). The mean tracer uptake in affected joints was approximately three-times higher than in unaffected joints in both groups (ERA 3.64-times higher, EOA 3.58). Correlation with MR images revealed that bone marrow oedema and erosions matched pathological tracer accumulation of MPH-SPECT in 11/13. MPH-SPECT demonstrated increased activity in 2/13 patients with normal bone marrow signal intensity and synovitis seen on MR images. CONCLUSION: MPH-SPECT is sensitive to early changes in ERA and EOA and permits them to be distinguished by their patterns of uptake.
参考中文摘要：
目的：探讨高分辨率多针孔单光子发射型计算机断层（英里断层显像）的骨改建检测早期类风湿关节炎（失），早期骨关节炎（有效瓣）的手指和健康对照组。方法：27例患者的临床主要手（13年代，9有效瓣，5名健康对照）的检查，公共卫生硕士，显像和骨显像。此外，磁共振成像（MRI）是进行电子逆向拍卖的病人。受影响的关节，本地化，示踪剂分布格局和共同参与了一些成绩。定量分析是实现由感兴趣区域（ROI）的测量所有患者。在公共卫生硕士，SPECT和MR图像融合在时代集团。结果：骨显像发现少关节（26接头，13/22患者增加示踪剂摄取比没有公共卫生硕士，显像（80个关节，21/22例））。骨显像没有显示任何组患者识别的吸收模式。随着公共卫生硕士，中央显像示踪剂分布典型自责（10/13例，有效瓣2 / 9）。相反，一个古怪的格局被发现主要是在有效瓣（7 / 9，自责2 / 13）。正常化计数影响关节在4.5至222.7，并在受影响的关节。在受影响的关节平均摄取值温和上涨的有效瓣病人（78.75，并在失分62.16）。在受影响的关节示踪平均摄取约3倍以上，在两组影响关节（3.64自责，倍高，有效瓣3.58）。与磁共振成像对比表明，骨髓水肿和糜烂匹配的公共卫生硕士病理示踪剂的积累，在11月13日显像。公共卫生硕士断层显像显示的活动增加2 / 13例正常骨髓信号强度和磁共振成像看到滑膜炎患者。结论：公共卫生硕士断层显像，是敏感的年代和有效瓣早期变化，并允许他们是通过吸收杰出的模式。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Aug
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16
参考中文标题：
分子病理学的好处在肌肉骨骼疾病的诊断：两部分第二部分审查：骨肿瘤和代谢性疾病。
PMID及链接：
19669759 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19669759
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摘 要：
The second part of this review, on the benefits of molecular pathology in the diagnosis disease, focuses on the genetics of bone tumors and metabolic disease. Unlike soft tissue tumors, the number of currently exploitable molecular abnormalities for diagnosing bone neoplasms is small, although the same gene rearrangements are found in primitive neuroectodermal tumor/Ewing sarcoma in both skeletal and extraskeletal sites. Compared with soft tissue tumors, genetic abnormalities, which are valuable to diagnosticians in skeletal disease, are often germline and post-zygotic aberrations rather than somatic translocations. In addition, the review highlights the range of disease entities classified as "osteoclast-rich lesions," some of which harbor germline mutations. It also addresses the importance of phosphate metabolism in skeletal disorders including phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, vitamin D-resistant rickets, and tumoral calcinosis.
参考中文摘要：
这项检讨的第二部分在诊断疾病的分子病理学的利益，侧重于骨肿瘤和代谢性疾病的基因。与软组织肿瘤，这是目前可利用分子异常诊断骨肿瘤人数不多，但同样的基因重排在原始神经外胚层肿瘤发现/尤因两个骨骼和骨外网站肉瘤。相对于软组织肿瘤，遗传异常珍贵在骨骼疾病诊断者，往往是种系，后合子像差，而不是体易位。此外，审查突出了以“破骨细胞丰富的病变，”其中一些港口种系突变的疾病实体划分范围。它还涉及了包括phosphaturic间质肿瘤，维生素D性佝偻病骨骼钙磷代谢紊乱的重要性，以及肿瘤钙质。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Aug
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17
参考中文标题：
我们是否真的需要为诊断非特异性足跟疼痛（跟骨骨突炎在儿童）影像学评估？
PMID及链接：
19672591 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19672591
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OBJECTIVE: Non-specific heel pain (calcaneal apophysitis) is a common disorder, particularly in physically active growing children. Foot radiographs are usually obtained as part of the clinical evaluation in routine orthopaedic practice. However, there is still controversy about the specific findings on radiographs, and it is unclear what information is present on radiographs that may alter the diagnosis and management. The purpose of this study was to review a consecutive series of patients with the diagnosis of calcaneal apophysitis to assess the yield of routine radiographs of the foot. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed on 61 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of calcaneal apophysitis in a single-surgeon practice. Standard anteroposterior and lateral weight-bearing foot radiographs were obtained for each patient. Seventy-one sets of foot radiographs were reviewed to determine whether radiographs had an impact on diagnosis and management. Patients with antecedent trauma, penetrating injury, foot deformity, achilles tendonitis, bursitis and infections were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Seventy foot radiographs were considered to be normal. The radiographs changed the diagnosis in only one patient, in whom a simple bone cyst of the calcaneous was seen. CONCLUSION: Calcaneal apophysitis is a self-limiting disease, and patients can be treated conservatively. Neither the sclerosis nor the fragmentation of the apophysis could be used to establish the diagnosis of calcaneal apophysitis. Therefore, obtaining radiographs as an initial step in their evaluation does not seem to be justified.
参考中文摘要：
目的：非特异性足跟痛（跟骨骨突炎）是一种常见的疾病，特别是在锻炼身体成长中的孩子。足部X光片通常获得作为常规骨科临床实践评价的一部分。但是，仍然有大约在X光片的具体结果的争论，而且现在还不清楚哪些信息是对X光片，可能改变目前的诊断和管理。本研究的目的是审查的病人与跟骨骨突炎诊断个系列，以评估足常规X线片产量。材料与方法：一个前瞻性研究，对61例患者进行了治疗跟骨骨突炎在一个外科医生的做法诊断。标准前后和侧负重徒步X光片获得了每一个病人。有71英尺X光片组进行了审查，以确定是否有一对X线诊断和管理的影响。与先前的创伤患者，穿刺伤，足部畸形，跟腱炎，滑囊炎和感染被排除在研究。结果：70英尺X光片被认为是正常的。在X线改变了只有一个病人的诊断，其中一个calcaneous被视为简单的骨囊肿。结论：跟骨骨突炎是一种自限性疾病，病人可以接受保守治疗。无论是硬化也不是隆起不成体系可以用来确定跟骨骨突炎的诊断。因此，作为其评估的初步步骤获得X光片似乎没有道理。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Aug
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18
参考中文标题：
CT和钙化脊膜瘤MRI表现：与病理结果的相关性。
PMID及链接：
19685049 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19685049
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OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to present characteristic CT and MR findings of calcified spinal meningiomas that correlate with pathological findings and to assess the efficacy of CT for the detection of calcifications within a mass in comparison to MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1998 and 2009, 10 out of 11 patients who had pathologically confirmed psammomatous meningiomas showed gross calcifications on CT images and were included in this study. On CT scans of the 10 patients, the distribution pattern, morphology and number of calcifications within masses were evaluated. MRI was performed in seven patients and signal intensities of masses were assessed. The pathological results analyzed semi-quantitatively were compared with the density or the size of calcifications within a mass as seen on a CT scan. RESULTS: Seven of 10 masses were located at the thoracic spine level. Eight masses had intradural locations. The other two masses had extradural locations. Four masses were completely calcified based on standard radiographs and CT. Symptoms duration, the size of the mass and size or number of calcifications within a mass had no correlation. The location, size, and distribution pattern of calcifications within masses were variable. On MR images, signal intensity of calcified tumor varied on all imaging sequences. All the masses enhanced after injection of intravenous contrast material. CONCLUSION: A calcified meningioma should be first suggested when extradural or intradural masses located in the spine contain calcifications regardless of the size or pattern as depicted on CT, especially in the presence of enhancement as seen on MR images.
参考中文摘要：
目的：本研究设计为特点，CT及钙化的相关性与病理结果，并评估其对钙化的检测范围内相比，磁共振成像质量的CT疗效脊膜瘤的MR表现。材料与方法：1998年至2009年，在11谁曾病理证实的psammomatous脑膜瘤患者中有10 CT图像显示，严重的钙化和在这项研究中。对10例CT扫描，分配格局，形态和内部群众钙化数目进行了评价。 MRI检查7例和人民群众的信号强度进行了评估。病理结果分析，半定量分析，比较与密度或在一个关于CT扫描见过群的钙化的大小。结果：7月10群众参加了位于胸椎水平。八群众对硬膜地点。另外两名群众对硬膜外地点。四群众完全钙化基于标准X线和CT。症状持续时间，大众和大小或钙化数是大规模的大小没有相关性。的位置，大小和分布在群众钙化模式是可变的。在磁共振成像，信号强度不同肿瘤钙化所有成像序列。所有静脉注射后，注射造影剂增强群众。结论：脑膜瘤钙化，应首先提出，特别是在加强在场位于脊椎含有钙化不论大小或在CT描绘模式时硬膜外或硬膜群众，MR图像上看到。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Aug
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19
参考中文标题：
评价前压力造影，超声及磁共振成像距腓韧带损伤。
PMID及链接：
19685050 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19685050
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the efficacy of stress radiography (stress X-P), ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the detection of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injury. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with ankle sprain were involved. In all patients, Stress X-P, US, MR imaging, and arthroscopy were performed. The arthroscopic results were considered to be the gold standard. The imaging results were compared with the arthroscopic results, and the accuracy calculated. RESULTS: Arthroscopic findings showed ATFL injury in 30 out of 34 cases. The diagnosis of ATFL injury with stress X-P, US, MR imaging were made with an accuracy of 67, 91 and 97%. US and MR imaging demonstrated the same location of the injury as arthroscopy in 63 and 93%. CONCLUSION: We have clarified the diagnostic value of stress X-P, US, and MR imaging in diagnosis of ATFL injury. We obtained satisfactory results with US and MR imaging.
参考中文摘要：
目的：本研究的目的是要澄清的前距腓韧带的应力检测放射成像（应力XP中），超声（美国）和磁共振（MR）成像效果（ATFL）损伤。方法：34例踝关节扭伤的患者参与。在所有患者中，应力XP中，美国，磁共振成像和关节镜的演出。在关节镜结果被认为是黄金标准。该成像结果进行了比较与关节镜结果，计算的准确性。结果：关节镜结果显示出34宗，30 ATFL受伤。在ATFL压力XP中，美国损伤的诊断，磁共振成像会上提出了67个，91和97％的准确性。美国和磁共振成像显示了在63和93％，关节损伤的同一位置。结论：我们已经澄清了应力的诊断价值XP中，美国，和MR的ATFL损伤诊断成像。我们获得了与美国和磁共振成像令人满意的结果。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Aug
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20
参考中文标题：
骨放射学学会2009年年度会议。
PMID及链接：
19701746 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19701746
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Peer-reviewed abstracts presented at the 2009 Society of Skeletal Radiology (SSR) Annual Meeting were reviewed again following oral presentation. Topics representing new concepts, new or novel imaging techniques and instructive case series involving the musculoskeletal system, felt to be of potential interest to investigators and practicing clinicians, have been highlighted in this compilation and analysis.
参考中文摘要：
同行在骨放射学（SSR）的年度会议后再次进行了审查2009年的口头陈述会提出审查的摘要。主题，代表新观念，新的或新型的成像技术和具有启发性的个案涉及一系列肌肉骨骼系统，认为对潜在兴趣的调查和临床实践，已在该汇编和分析突出。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Aug
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21
参考中文标题：
耻骨宽度和影响与病人髋关节宽度上下滑股骨头骨骺：扩大与正常价值。
PMID及链接：
19705114 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19705114
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BACKGROUND: The exact pathomechanism of slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE) remains elusive. This paper suggests a generalised abnormality of the development or maturation of cartilage as a possible cause. OBJECTIVE: It is proposed that SUFE is part of a generalised abnormality of the cartilage formation or maturation resulting in abnormal measurements of cartilaginous joint structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiographs of SUFE patients were assessed for the width of the unaffected hip joint and the symphysis pubis. Comparison with previously published normal values was made. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients were assessed, 35 male, 16 female. The average age was 12 years and 11 months combined for both sexes, 13 years 8 months for boys, 11 years 4 months for girls. Width of the symphysis pubis was assessed on 46 datasets, and comparison with normal values was performed using the Wilcoxon paired rank test. Statistical significance was set as p < 0.05. The average expected width was 5.8 mm (5.4-6.2 mm), the average measured width was 7.3 mm (3.5-12 mm), median value 7.0 mm, and the difference is statistically significant. Cartilage thickness of the uninvolved hip joint could be assessed in 46 cases, and comparison using the Wilcoxon paired rank test resulted in a statistically significant difference (significance set as p < 0.05). The average expected width was 4.9 mm (3.6-6.5 mm), the average measured width was 5.5 mm (4-8 mm), and median 5.3 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that SUFE patients display a generalised increased width of joint cartilage for their age. This could be due to increased cartilage formation or decreased maturation or a combination of the two, and could explain the increased mechanical vulnerability of these children to normal or abnormal stresses, despite histologically normal organisation of the physis as shown in previous studies.
参考中文摘要：
背景：确切的病理机制上的下滑（上海财经大学）股骨头骨骺仍然遥遥无期。本文提出了一个可能的事业发展或软骨成熟全身异常。目的：建议在上海财经大学是一对软骨的形成或成熟的软骨联合结构异常导致全身测量异常的一部分。材料与方法：上海财经大学病人X光片评估的影响髋关节的宽度和耻骨。与先前公布的正常价值进行了比较。结果：51名患者进行了评估，35男，16女。平均年龄为12岁和11个男女，13年8男，11岁4个月，女孩组合。在耻骨宽度是46集评估，并与正常价值进行比较，采用配对秩和检验的秩。统计学意义设置为P“0.05。预计平均宽度为5.8毫米（5月4日至六月二日毫米），平均宽度为7.3测毫米（3.5-12毫米），中位值7.0毫米，差异有统计学意义。软骨的厚度患侧髋关节可以评估46例，采用配对比较秩和检验的秩造成了显着性差异（意义为P“0.05套）。预计平均宽度为4.9毫米（三月六日至6月5日毫米），平均宽度为5.5测毫米（4-8毫米），而中等5.3毫米。结论：结果表明，上海财经大学病人显示他们的年龄一全身关节软骨的宽度增加。这可能是由于增加或减少软骨形成成熟或两者的结合，并增加可以解释这些儿童易受机械正常或不正常的压力，尽管组织学作为以往研究结果显示，physis正常组织。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Aug
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22
参考中文标题：
非典型的迅速进展涉及在使用聚丙烯腈膜透析病人髋关节淀粉样变性。
PMID及链接：
19707759 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19707759
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Amyloidosis related to dialysis is a well-known complication affecting many organ systems, in particular the musculoskeletal system. In 1985 Shirahama et al. (Biochem Biophys Res Commun 53:705-709, 1985) identified beta-2 microglobulin (MG) as the offending constituent by using protein purification techniques. Amyloidosis has been increasing in prevalence because of longer life spans and increased chronic medical conditions such as end-stage renal disease. When dialysis-related amyloidosis involves the musculoskeletal system, it affects the shoulder girdle, the so called shoulder pad sign, the wrist, hip, knee, and spine (Resnick, Diagnosis of bone and joint disorders, 4th edn., pp. 2054-2058 and 2176-2183, 2002). Other osteoarticular manifestations of amyloidosis include osteoporosis, lytic lesions, and pathologic fractures. It has been well documented that the prevalence of amyloid is dependent on duration of dialysis-over 90% in patients on dialysis for over 7 years (Jadoul, Nephrol Dial Transplant 13:61-64, 1998). However, a recent changeover to high-flux membranes used in hemofiltration has been reported to delay its onset (Campistol et al., Contrib Nephrol 125:76-85, 1999). We report on the radiographic, nuclear medicine, and computed tomography (CT) findings of osteoarticular amyloidosis involving the hip, and sequence its atypical rapid onset. The imaging, histopathological findings, and differential diagnosis are discussed.
参考中文摘要：
透析相关的淀粉样变性是一个众所周知的并发症，影响到许多器官系统，尤其是肌肉骨骼系统。 1985年白滨等。 （生化Biophys杂志Commun 53:705-709，1985年）确定的β- 2微球蛋白组成的冒犯（MG）的使用蛋白质纯化技术。淀粉样变有所增加，由于更长的寿命普遍增加，如慢性疾病的最终阶段的肾脏疾病。当透析相关性淀粉样涉及肌肉骨骼系统，它影响到肩胛带，即所谓的垫肩的迹象，手腕，臀部，膝盖和脊椎（雷斯尼克，骨与关节疾病，第四edn诊断。，页。2054 - 2058和2176年至2183年，2002年）。淀粉样变性的其他表现包括关节骨质疏松，溶骨病变，病理性骨折。据记录表明，淀粉样患病率透析的时间依赖性超过90％的患者超过7年来透析（Jadoul，Nephrol拨号移植13:61-64，1998年）。不过，最近更换高通量血液滤过膜的使用已经报告推迟发病（Campistol等。，的contrib Nephrol 125:76-85，1999）。我们报告的影像学，核医学，计算机断层扫描（CT）的涉及髋关节淀粉样结果，以及快速序列及其非典型发病。的影像，病理结果，鉴别诊断进行了讨论。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Aug
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23
参考中文标题：
在纵向microvascularity跟腱肌腱（能量多普勒超声，磁共振成像时间强度曲线和维多利亚体育评估研究所跟腱问卷）：一项试验研究。
PMID及链接：
19711073 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19711073
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AIM: To evaluate the imaging of the natural history of Achilles tendinopathy microvascularisation in comparison with symptoms, using a validated disease-specific questionnaire [the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A)]. METHOD: A longitudinal prospective pilot study of nine patients with post-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), time-intensity curve (TIC) enhancement, ultrasound (US) and power Doppler (PD) evaluation of tendinopathy of the mid-Achilles tendon undergoing conservative management (eccentric exercise) over 1 year. RESULTS: There were five men and four women [mean age 47 (range 30-62) years]. Six asymptomatic tendons with normal US and MRI appearance showed less enhancement than the tibial metaphysis did and showed a flat, constant, but very low rate of enhancement in the bone and Achilles tendon (9-73 arbitrary TIC units). These normal Achilles tendons on imaging showed a constant size throughout the year (mean 4.9 mm). At baseline the TIC enhancement in those with tendinopathy ranged from 90 arbitrary units to 509 arbitrary units. Over time, 11 abnormal Achilles tendons, whose symptoms settled, were associated with a reduction in MRI enhancement mirrored by a reduction in the number of vessels on power Doppler (8.0 to 2.7), with an improvement in morphology and a reduction in tendon size (mean 15-10.6 mm). One tendon did not change its abnormal imaging features, despite improving symptoms. Two patients developed contralateral symptoms and tendinopathy, and one had more abnormal vascularity on power Doppler and higher MRI TIC peaks in the asymptomatic side. CONCLUSIONS: In patient with conservatively managed tendinopathy of the mid-Achilles tendon over 1 year there was a reduction of MRI enhancement and number of vessels on power Doppler, followed by morphological improvements and a reduction in size. Vessels per se related to the abnormal morphology and size of the tendon rather than symptoms. Symptoms improve before the Achilles size reduces and the restoration of normal imaging over time.
参考中文摘要：
目的：评价与跟腱肌腱microvascularisation症状比较自然历史影像，使用经过验证的特定疾病问卷[体育评估的维多利亚研究所跟腱（签证- a）条]。方法：采用纵向9例后磁共振成像对比试验研究准（核磁共振），时间强度曲线（议会）的提高，超声（美国）和能量多普勒（PD）的对中跟腱肌腱进行评价保守的管理（离心运动）1年以上。结果：有五男四女[平均年龄47（范围30-62岁）]。 6例正常的美国和MRI表现无症状肌腱显示低于胫骨干骺端的提高，显示他的骨头和跟腱（9-73任意议会单位）的增强单位不变，但率非常低。这些正常跟腱肌腱上成像显示，全年常量大小（平均四点九毫米）。在基线与肌腱的议会加强介乎90至509任意单位任意单位。随着时间的推移，11异常跟腱，解决他们的症状，均与在削减MRI增强了对权力的船只数量多普勒（8.0至2.7）减少镜像形态与改善，在肌腱规模缩小（平均15-10.6毫米）。一个肌腱并没有改变其异常的图像功能，尽管改善症状。两例患者的症状和对侧肌腱，一个有更多的异常血管多普勒对权力和更高的磁共振议会在健侧高峰。结论：按照保守的方法管理中期跟腱腱病病人有1年以上的MRI是提高和对权力的船只数量由形态多普勒改进和规模削减，减少。船只本身有关的异常形态和肌腱的大小，而不是症状。跟腱前症状改善降低大小和正常成像随着时间的恢复。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Aug
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参考中文标题：
回顾：腹股沟疼痛成像的运动员。
PMID及链接：
19711074 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19711074
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Chronic groin pain is a common entity in the sporting population and causes considerable morbidity. The differential diagnosis is wide, and this article presents a review of the common causes with particular reference to anatomy, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
参考中文摘要：
慢性腹股沟疼痛是一个体育人口的共同实体，造成相当大的发病率。鉴别诊断很广泛，本文介绍了常见的原因，特别是在解剖，超声及磁共振成像审查（核磁共振）的调查结果。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Aug
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参考中文标题：
成像骨骼软组织感染。
PMID及链接：
19714328 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19714328
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Prompt and appropriate imaging work-up of the various musculoskeletal soft tissue infections aids early diagnosis and treatment and decreases the risk of complications resulting from misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis. The signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal soft tissue infections can be nonspecific, making it clinically difficult to distinguish between disease processes and the extent of disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of soft tissue infections. Computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, radiography and nuclear medicine studies are considered ancillary. This manuscript illustrates representative images of superficial and deep soft tissue infections such as infectious cellulitis, superficial and deep fasciitis, including the necrotizing fasciitis, pyomyositis/soft tissue abscess, septic bursitis and tenosynovitis on different imaging modalities, with emphasis on MRI. Typical histopathologic findings of soft tissue infections are also presented. The imaging approach described in the manuscript is based on relevant literature and authors' personal experience and everyday practice.
参考中文摘要：
及时和适当的成像工作了各骨骼软组织感染艾滋病的早期诊断和治疗，减少了从误诊或延误诊断导致并发症的危险。迹象和骨骼肌肉软组织感染症状可以特异性，使临床上难以区分疾病过程和疾病的程度。磁共振成像（MRI）是在软组织感染的评价成像方法的选择。计算机断层扫描（CT），超声波，放射和核医学的研究被认为是辅助。这说明，如手稿感染蜂窝组织炎，浅，深筋膜炎，包括坏死性筋膜炎，化脓性肌炎/软组织脓肿，败血症滑囊炎和不同的成像方式腱鞘炎，重点与磁共振成像的肤浅，深层软组织感染的代表图像。软组织感染的典型病理结果还介绍。成像方法的手稿中描述的是根据有关文献和作者的亲身经历和日常实践。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Aug
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参考中文标题：
尺片面手腕疼痛。第一部分：解剖和体格检查。
PMID及链接：
19722104 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19722104
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Ulnar-sided wrist pain is a common complaint, and it presents a diagnostic challenge for hand surgeons and radiologists. The complex anatomy of this region, combined with the small size of structures and subtle imaging findings, compound this problem. A thorough understanding of ulnar-sided wrist anatomy and a systematic clinical examination of this region are essential in arriving at an accurate diagnosis. In part I of this review, ulnar-sided wrist anatomy and clinical examination are discussed for a more comprehensive understanding of ulnar-sided wrist pain.
参考中文摘要：
尺片面的手腕疼痛是一种常见的投诉，并提出了一个手外科医生和放射科医师诊断挑战。这个地区的复杂解剖，在结构和微妙的影像学检查结果小面积的总和，复合这个问题。阿尺深入了解片面的手腕解剖和系统的本地区的临床考试是至关重要的，在到达准确的诊断。在这一审查的一部分，手腕尺骨片面解剖和临床检查，我都为1尺讨论更全面的认识片面手腕疼痛。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Sep
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症坑和囊性病变出现在股骨颈前：一个由多层螺旋CT和microCT解剖学研究。
PMID及链接：
19730853 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19730853
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OBJECTIVE: To determine distinguishing features between herniation pits (HPs) and other cystic-appearing lesions at the anterior femoral neck in multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and micro-computed tomography (microCT) examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained to examine 37 proximal femora of 23 cadaveric specimens (mean age available in 19 cadavers, 83 years; range 68-100 years; 9 female, 8 male, 6 unknown). All 37 femora were investigated by MSCT. 23 femora, which revealed cystic-appearing lesions at the anterior femoral neck in MSCT examinations, were additionally examined by microCT. Cystic-appearing lesions were categorized by their location, sclerotic margin, demarcation and shape in MSCT with assessment of inter-observer agreement. Detailed cortical and trabecular properties were evaluated in microCT examinations. RESULTS: There were seven HPs in three femora. There were a number of abnormalities potentially imitating HPs, including focal osteoporosis (13 in 13 femora), degenerative changes (5 in 4 femora) and trabecular restructuring (5 in 4 femora) at the anterior femoral neck. HPs were differentiated on the basis of their subchondral/subcortical location, completely surrounding sclerosis, clear demarcation and round-to-oval shape in MSCT. Because of their location and their microscopic appearance, HPs seem to resemble intra-osseous ganglia at the anterior femoral neck. CONCLUSION: HPs have to be differentiated from other cystic appearing lesions at the anterior femoral neck to avoid overestimation of their incidence in the context of diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement.
参考中文摘要：
目的：为了确定区分的前股骨颈多坑之间症（HPS）的和其他囊出现病变特征螺旋CT（螺旋CT）和微型计算机断层扫描（microCT）考试。材料与方法：机构审查委员会的批准，获得37个研究尸体标本23股骨近端（平均年龄在19具尸体，83岁获得;范围68-100年，女9例，男8例，6未知）。全部37股骨进行了研究多层螺旋CT。 23股骨，结果发现，囊性，出现在考试前的多层螺旋CT股骨颈病变，被加检查microCT。囊出现病变的分类位置，硬化边缘，划分，并与评估机构的观察员的协议多层螺旋形状。详细皮质和骨小梁性能评价microCT考试。结果：7 3股骨惠普等。有一些的异常可能模仿惠普等，包括联络骨质疏松症（13 13股骨），退行性改变（5 4股骨）及骨小梁结构调整（5股骨4）在股骨颈前。惠普等是有区别的基础上的软骨/皮层下的位置，完全周围硬化，明确划分和轮对的多层螺旋椭圆形。由于其地理位置和微观的外观，惠普等似乎类似于内部的前股骨颈骨神经节。结论：惠普等必须加以区分的前股骨颈其他囊性病变，以避免出现在撞击的femoroacetabular诊断中的发病率过高。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Sep
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变异间范围髂前上棘的距离及其与股骨头中心的相关性。阿准的200名成年人计算机断层扫描研究。
PMID及链接：
19730854 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19730854
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PURPOSE: The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) is commonly used to estimate the centre of the femoral head and assess limb alignment during surgical procedures. This study aimed to determine the range of inter-anterior superior iliac spine distances (IADs) and inter-femoral head centre distances (IFDs) among individuals and ascertain whether there is correlation between the IFD and the IAD. We also sought to determine whether gender, height and body mass index (BMI) had any influence on IAD and IFD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively measured IAD and IFD in 200 adults, using transverse computed tomography (CT) scans done for medical causes. We also calculated the distance between the pelvic midline and the centre of the femoral head (XY distance) from the measured IFD. The influence of gender, height and body-mass index on IAD and IFD, and the correlation of IAD with IFD, were also studied. RESULTS: The overall mean IAD, IFD and XY distances were 22.7 +/- 1.6 cm, 16.0 +/- 0.8 cm and 8.0 +/- 0.4 cm, respectively. There was wide variation within the IAD range with 50% (100/200) of the subjects having their IAD within +/-10 mm of the mean compared to 75.5% (151/200) of the subjects with IFD within +/-10 mm of the mean. The probability that the mean XY distance would fall within 10 mm of the true femoral head centre in all subjects was 100%. The gender difference in IAD and IFD was statistically significant (P = 0.03 and P < 0.001, respectively), height and BMI had no influence, and the correlation of IAD with IFD was weak (0.35). CONCLUSION: Although the range of IADs showed wide variation among subjects, this study clearly demonstrated the narrow range of the XY distance and IFD in the study population and provides a useful and accurate basis for a new method to determine the femoral head centre clinically and intraoperatively.
参考中文摘要：
目的：髂前上棘（阿齐兹）是常用的估计股骨头中心和评估在手术过程中肢体一致。目的是确定跨范围髂前上棘距离（IAD）以及跨股骨头中心，人与人之间的距离（IFDs）本研究并确定是否存在则IFD0和内部审计的关系。我们还设法确定是否有性别，身高和身体质量指数（BMI）有对IAD和艾富迪的影响。材料与方法：我们前瞻性测量200名成年人IAD和艾富迪，使用横向计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描完成医疗原因。我们还计算骨盆之间的中线和股骨头板（xy距离测量艾富迪）中心距。对性别，身高和身体的影响，对内部审计和艾富迪质量指数，以及内部审计与艾富迪的关系，进行了研究。结果：整体平均审核处，艾富迪和XY距离分别为22.7 + / - 1.6厘米，16.0 + / - 0.8厘米和8.0 + / - 0.4厘米，分别为。内有50％（100/200的范围内有其内部审计科）+ / -10相比，平均75.5％（200分之151）与艾富迪内的主题+ / -10毫米内部审计的范围差异很大毫米的意思。的概率平均札距离将属于真正的10在所有科目股骨头中心毫米为100％。在内部审计和艾富迪性别差异有统计学意义（P = 0.03和P“0.001），身高和体重指数没有影响，以及内部审计与艾富迪疲软（0.35）的相关性。结论：虽然成瘾者中表现出了一系列内容广泛的变化，这项研究清楚地表明了于XY范围狭窄的距离在研究人口艾富迪，并提供了一个有用的新方法，准确的基础上，确定股骨头中心的临床及术。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Sep
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参考中文标题：
与luxatio万寿菊肱骨MRI表现。
PMID及链接：
19730855 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19730855
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OBJECTIVE: Luxatio erecta humeri is a rare type of inferior glenohumeral dislocation with a unique radiographic appearance; however, the magnetic resonance imaging findings associated with this dislocation have not been described in the radiology literature. The purpose of this study is to identify magnetic resonance imaging findings associated with this uncommon type of glenohumeral dislocation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The magnetic resonance imaging features of four patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of luxatio erecta humeri were reviewed retrospectively by two musculoskeletal-trained radiologists. The reported mechanism of injury in all four patients was falling. The MR imaging examinations were evaluated for the presence of rotator cuff and biceps tendon pathology, glenoid labrum pathology, joint capsule and glenohumeral ligament injury, fractures and bone marrow contusions, articular cartilage injury, and joint effusions. RESULTS: All four patients demonstrated pathology of the glenohumeral joint. Three of the four patients demonstrated rotator cuff tears, including large full thickness tears of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons in two patients, and small full thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon with partial thickness tear of the infraspinatus tendon in the third patient. In the two patients with large full thickness tears of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons, one patient demonstrated tearing of the subscapularis tendon with dislocation of a partially torn long head of the biceps tendon, and the second patient demonstrated full thickness tearing of the intra-articular biceps tendon. All four patients demonstrated injuries to the glenoid labrum and both anterior and posterior bands of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. Contusions or fractures of the humeral head were seen in two of the patients. Three of the four patients demonstrated cartilage abnormalities including a focal cartilage defect in the anterior inferior glenoid in one patient, and cartilage surface irregularity of the glenoid in the other two patients. CONCLUSION: Common magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with a prior luxatio erecta humeri dislocation include rotator cuff tears, injury to the glenoid labrum, and injury to both the anterior and posterior bands of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. These findings are compatible with the mechanism of dislocation in luxatio erecta, and noting these findings on magnetic resonance imaging may suggest that the patient has sustained a prior inferiorly directed glenohumeral dislocation such as luxatio erecta.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Sep
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参考中文标题：
PMID及链接：
19730856 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19730856
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INTRODUCTION: This review article addresses the best evidence currently available for therapeutic injection therapy for conditions targeting the spine and sacroiliac joints. The article is presented by spinal region. Controversies and areas of interest for further studies are identified. DISCUSSION: There is conclusive evidence supporting the effectiveness of the caudal approach for the administration of epidural steroid injections for patients with low back pain from a variety of causes. In general, there is moderate-to-strong evidence supporting the use of transforaminal therapeutic epidural injections for lumbar nerve-root compression and facet injections for joint pain arising from these joints in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, but further subgroup analysis is needed to help predict which specific patients may receive the most benefit from these procedures. CONCLUSION: No randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses or systematic reviews addressing the effectiveness of therapeutic sacroiliac joint injections have been found. For some injections, corticosteroids may not provide better outcomes compared to local anesthetic injections alone.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Sep
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参考中文标题：
超声在肌肉骨骼的发展和临床应用。
PMID及链接：
19730857 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19730857
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OBJECTIVE: Ultrasound (US) technologies are rapidly advancing, offering several refined transducer technologies as well as soft and hardware facilities. The aim of this article is to outline US developments, from B-mode technologies over Doppler advances to more sophisticated technologies, and their potential clinical impact in the field of musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging. NEW ADVANCES: When using B-mode ultrasound, compound imaging and beam-steering are of help to decrease anisotropy in tendons and ligaments, that are less well depicted due to their oblique course. Doppler imaging has become sensitive in the detection of flow in small vessels, which is of particular value in rheumatologic conditions, tumour and overuse assessment. The use of US microbubble contrast agents improves detection of low-volume blood flow in smaller vessels by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio and thereby facilitating detection of angiogenetic vessels in inflammatory conditions or tumours. The use of US blood pool contrast agents enables molecular imaging in real-time, and thus the diagnostic potential of US is expanded, opening up a new field of US applications. Objective quantification of altered tissue (e.g., synovial proliferation, tumours) is still demanding and might be improved by the use of three-dimensional imaging and software tools as parametric evaluation. Real-time sonoelastography (EUS) is a new development for visualization of tissue elasticity by measurement of tissue displacement in terms of tissue stiffness changes, promising new insights into tendon disorders. Image fusion is an exciting development that enables superimposition of CT/MRI data sets on real-time US scanning. This technique might be helpful in guiding injections under real-time conditions even in regions less easily accessible by US as, for instance, the axial skeleton, and can additionally provide an interesting tool for teaching MSK imaging and ways to guide interventions. CONCLUSION: In summary, exciting developments are expanding the applications of US in the MSK field, offering the advantages of real-time performance, high tissue resolution and relative speed at a reasonable cost.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Sep
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参考中文标题：
点击查看机器翻译
PMID及链接：
19760411 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19760411
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Sep
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33
参考中文标题：
点击查看机器翻译
PMID及链接：
19774375 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19774375
摘 要：
PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term results following eccentric calf-muscle training in patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy were included in a study evaluating MRI findings and clinical symptoms before and after 3 months of daily eccentric calf-muscle strength training. Median duration of symptoms was 18 months (range 6-120). Four of the patients did not perform the prescribed treatment for different reasons and were followed for 14 months. The resulting 20 treated patients completed 4.2-year (range 29-58 months) follow up. Tendon volume was evaluated by using 3D seed growing technique and signal abnormalities were visually semi-quantitatively graded. Level of pain and performance was categorized using a questionnaire completed by the patient. RESULTS: In the symptomatic treated patients, median intensity level of pain decreased from moderate/severe at time of inclusion to mild at follow up (p < 0.05). Median level of performance increased from severe impairment at time of inclusion to normal at follow up (p < 0.05). 12 out of 20 patients had raised intratendinous signal at time of inclusion compared to 2 out of 20 patients at follow up (p < 0.001). Mean tendon-volume measured 6.7 cm(3) (SD 2.0) at time of inclusion and 6.4 cm(3) (SD 2.0) at follow up (p = 0.18). The four symptomatic non-treated tendons did not improve regarding pain, performance, intratendinous signal or tendon volume. CONCLUSION: We found decreased pain, improved performance and decreased intratendinous signal both compared to index examination and immediately after the 3 months training regimen in a 4.2-year clinical and MRI follow up, in a group of patients treated with heavy loaded eccentric calf-muscle training for chronic Achilles tendinopathy. The improvements were greater at 4.2-year follow up, despite no further active treatment, than immediately after the treatment. This may indicate a good long-term prognosis for Achilles tendinosis patients.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Sep
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参考中文标题：
点击查看机器翻译
PMID及链接：
19784644 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19784644
摘 要：
AIM: Shoulder MR arthrography has an important role in the assessment of rotator cuff lesions, labral tears, glenohumeral ligaments, rotator interval lesions, and postoperative shoulder status. Injection in direct MR arthrography can be performed with palpation, fluoroscopy, ultrasonography (US), or MRI. Recently, the posterior approach is the preferred method due to the presence of fewer stabilizers, absence of important articular structures and less extravasation, has been advocated. Our aim was to assess the efficacy of US-guided MR arthrography via a posterior approach on the glenohumeral joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty MR arthrographies were performed on 29 patients. Ultrasonography (Xario, Toshiba) examinations were conducted by a wide-band 5-12 Mhz linear array transducer set to muscle-skeleton. Diluted contrast medium (1 ml gadolinium chelate and 100 ml saline, approximately 15 ml) was delivered into the glenohumeral joint space from between the humeral head and posterior labrum with a 20-gauge spinal needle. MRI examination was conducted by a 1.5 T scanner. Fat-saturated T1-weighted spin echo was applied on coronal, axial, and sagittal planes within the first 30 min after contrast material injection. RESULTS: One (3.3%) arthrography was not successful due to technical reasons associated with obesity. Contrast extravasation around the infraspinatus and teres min?r muscles was depicted in twelve examinations. One (3.3%) patient developed vasovagal collapse. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography-guided posterior approach is an easy, reliable, fast, and comfortable method in experienced hands. It may be an alternative for fluoroscopy-guided shoulder MR arthrography.
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Skeletal radiology. 2009 Sep
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PMID及链接：
19795120 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19795120
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We report the case of a 64-year-old man who initially presented with a maculopapular rash followed several weeks later by bilateral shin pain and infiltrative cutaneous lesions over the lower legs. The plain radiographs were not contributory, and the patient was referred for a whole-body bone scan, which demonstrated multifocal osseous lesions, including such lesions in the lower legs, skull and facial bones. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated numerous small tibial and fibular nodular lesions involving the medullary cavity and the cortex. A diagnosis of acquired syphilis was made, based on skin biopsy. Results of serological testing were consistent with recent infection. The patient was treated with intramuscular injection of penicillin, and follow-up MRI demonstrated gradual resolution of the osseous lesions. Bone involvement is a relatively rare manifestation of early acquired syphilis. Although the plain radiographic features of the bony changes in acquired syphilis are well documented, there have been no reports of the magnetic resonance imaging findings in the appendicular skeleton.
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Skeletal radiology. 2009 Oct
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PMID及链接：
19795121 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19795121
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if there are imaging and clinical findings that can differentiate a septic sternoclavicular joint from a degenerative one. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Search of radiology reports from 2000-2007 revealed 460 subjects with imaging of the sternoclavicular joint, of whom 38 had undergone aspiration or biopsy. The final study group consisted of nine subjects with pathologic proof of sternoclavicular joint infection and ten subjects with pathologic and clinical findings excluding infection consistent with degenerative change. Available ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) images were retrospectively reviewed, and echogenicity, capsular distention, erosions, cysts, hyperemia or enhancement, and intensity of bone marrow signal were recorded. Clinical data were also reviewed. FINDINGS: The findings significantly associated with sternoclavicular joint infection included degree and extent of capsular distention. With infection, average joint distention was 14 mm (range 10-20 mm) and extended over the sternum and clavicle in 60% compared to 5 mm (range 3-8 mm) with degeneration only extending over the clavicle. Other findings significantly associated with infection included bone marrow fluid signal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), elevated Westergren red blood cell sedimentation rate, and fever. The two findings significantly associated with degeneration were subchondral cysts on CT and female gender. Other imaging and clinical variables showed no significant differences between infection and degenerative change. CONCLUSION: The clinical and imaging findings significantly associated with sternoclavicular joint infection included joint capsule distention of 10 mm or greater, extension over both the clavicle and sternum, adjacent fluid signal bone marrow replacement, elevated Westergren red blood cell sedimentation rate, and fever.
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Skeletal radiology. 2009 Oct
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37
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PMID及链接：
19820927 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19820927
摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To describe osseous landmarks that allow identification of the attachments of the ligaments and tendons in the distal medial aspect of the humerus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reliable osseous landmarks in the distal medial aspect of the humerus were identified in 34 well-preserved specimens from a paleopathologic collection. These osseous landmarks were then sought in magnetic resonance (MR) images of ten cadaveric elbow specimens so that the ease of their visualization and optimal imaging plane could be assessed. To assign these osseous landmarks to specific attachments of the tendons and ligaments in the distal medial humerus, we cut the specimens in slices and photographed and examined them. Subsequently, the prevalence of these osseous landmarks as well as the attachment sites of the tendons and ligaments in this location was determined. RESULTS: We determined ten reliable osseous landmarks in the distal medial aspect of the humerus, their prevalence and ease of identification, and their relationship to the attachments of the tendons and ligaments at the medial distal humerus. CONCLUSION: It is possible to use osseous landmarks at the distal medial humerus to facilitate identification of the different attachments of tendons and ligaments when MR images of the elbow are assessed.
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Skeletal radiology. 2009 Oct
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PMID及链接：
19820928 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19820928
摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate how radial and ulnar deviation of the wrist can affect the visualization of the intrinsic intercarpal ligaments using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR arthrography and gross anatomic inspection in cadavers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The detectability of the intrinsic intercarpal ligaments of ten fresh human wrists was analyzed in coronal, axial and sagittal images in the neutral position and in radial and ulnar deviation with MR imaging and MR arthrography. The findings were then correlated with gross anatomic inspection. Additionally, quantitative measurements including the radiocarpal distances and capitate angles were performed. RESULTS: Differences were noted in the visual conspicuity of only the intercarpal ligaments of the proximal carpal row with different techniques and wrist positions. The average width of the radiocarpal joint was 0.62 mm, 1.55 mm and 2.0 mm (radial side) and 3.78 mm, 2.25 mm and 1.16 mm (ulnar side) in radial deviation, neutral position, and ulnar deviation of the wrist, respectively. Statistically, these maneuvers produced significant opening in the ulnar side during radial deviation (Student's t-test; P = 0.0005) and in the radial side in ulnar deviation (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Significant differences in the width of the radiocarpal joint were observed during radial and ulnar deviation of the wrist, influencing the visualization of the intrinsic ligaments, mainly the scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligaments. The use of MR arthrography with radial and/or ulnar deviation has the potential to improve diagnosis in clinical cases in which injury to one or both of these ligaments is suggested.
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Skeletal radiology. 2009 Oct
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PMID及链接：
19826811 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19826811
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PURPOSE: Discrepancies were identified between magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and clinical findings in patients who had MR imaging examinations evaluated by community-based general radiologists. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of MR imaging examinations of the shoulder with regard to the training level of the performing radiologist. METHODS: A review of patient charts identified 238 patients (male/female, 175/63; mean age, 40.4 years) in whom 250 arthroscopies were performed and who underwent MR imaging or direct MR arthrography in either a community-based or hospital-based institution prior to surgery. All MR imaging and surgical reports were reviewed and the diagnostic performance for the detection of labral, rotator cuff, biceps, and Hill-Sachs lesions was determined. Kappa and Student's t test analyses were performed in a subset of cases in which initial community-based MR images were re-evaluated by hospital-based musculoskeletal radiologists, to determine the interobserver agreement and any differences in image interpretation. RESULTS: The diagnostic performance of community-based general radiologists was lower than that of hospital-based sub-specialized musculoskeletal radiologists. A sub-analysis of re-evaluated cases showed that musculoskeletal radiologists performed better. kappa values were 0.208, 0.396, 0.376, and 0.788 for labral, rotator cuff, biceps, and Hill-Sachs lesions (t test statistics: p = <0.001, 0.004, 0.019, and 0.235). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the diagnostic performance of MR imaging and MR arthrography of the shoulder depends on the training level of the performing radiologist, with sub-specialized musculoskeletal radiologists having a better diagnostic performance than general radiologists.
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Skeletal radiology. 2009 Oct
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PMID及链接：
19830423 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19830423
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the shape and measurements of the normal distal tibiofibular syndesmosis on computed tomographic scans and to identify features that could aid in the diagnosis of syndesmotic diastasis using computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans of 100 patients with normal distal tibiofibular syndesmoses were reviewed retrospectively. In 67% the incisura fibularis was deep, giving the syndesmosis a crescent shape. In 33% the incisura fibularis was shallow, giving the syndesmosis a rectangular shape. The measurements of both types were taken using the same reference points. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 40 years, and there were 53 men and 47 women. The mean width of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis anteriorly between the tip of the anterior tibial tubercle and the nearest point of the fibula was 2 mm. The mean width of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis posteriorly between the medial border of the fibula and the nearest point of the lateral border of the posterior tibial tubercle was 4 mm. In men the mean width of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, anterior and posterior, was 2 mm and 5 mm, respectively, and in women it was 2 mm and 4 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study provides measurements of the normal tibiofibular syndesmosis to aid in the diagnosis of occult diastasis.
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Skeletal radiology. 2009 Oct
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41
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PMID及链接：
19834707 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19834707
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Oct
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42
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19841918 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19841918
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Oct
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43
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19876626 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19876626
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PURPOSE: To determine the precise anatomy and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of the chiasma crurale in cadavers, paying special attention to degenerative changes MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve fresh human ankles were harvested from 11 nonembalmed cadavers (mean age at death 77 years) and used according to institutional guidelines. MR imaging and MR tenography were used to investigate the anatomy of the chiasma crurale using proton density-weighted sequences. The gross anatomy of the chiasma crurale was evaluated and compared to the MR imaging findings. Histology was used to elucidate further the structure of the chiasma crurale. RESULTS: Above the chiasma, five specimens had a small amount of fat tissue between the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus tendon. In all specimens both tendons had a sheath below the chiasma but not above it. At the central portion of the chiasma there was no soft tissue between the tendons, except in two specimens that showed an anatomic variant consisting of a thick septum connecting the tibial periosteum and the deep transverse fascia of the leg. In MR images, eight specimens showed what were believed to be degenerative changes in the tendons at the level of the chiasma. However, during gross inspection and histologic analysis of the specimens, there was no tendon degeneration visible. CONCLUSION: At the central portion of the chiasma, there is no tissue between the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus tendons unless there is an anatomic variant. At the chiasma crurale, areas with irregular tendon surfaces are normal findings and are not associated with tendon degeneration (fraying).
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Skeletal radiology. 2009 Oct
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44
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PMID及链接：
19876627 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19876627
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Hematoma of the cervical ligamentum flavum is very rare, and its pathogenesis is unknown. We describe a case of ligamentum flavum hematoma in the cervical spine causing severe myelopathy. Postoperative histological examination suggested it was the result of the rupture of a hemangioma or of an arteriovenous malformation in the ligamentum flavum. After removal of the lesion, the patient's condition immediately improved. Review of all three reported cases, including this one, showed that complete resection of the mass resulted in immediate relief of symptoms of incomplete paraplegia. The findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hematoma may vary with time, and they may show no characteristic intensity. However, MRI of this case revealed that the tissues surrounding the mass were enhanced with gadolinium diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid, and an area of homogeneous iso-intensity was clearly surrounded by a low-intensity area (flavum) on T2-weighed short-tau inversion recovery images. These findings could be characteristic of the ligamentum flavum hematoma and might help in the differentiation from a cervical epidural hematoma.
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Skeletal radiology. 2009 Oct
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45
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19894046 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19894046
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The case of a ganglion cyst in the pulp of a fifth finger in an elderly woman initially mimicking a soft tissue tumor is described. Most typical sites of ganglion cysts are well documented at the wrist and in the vicinity of inter-phalangeal and metacarpo-phalangeal joints. In this case, ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a cystic lesion within the pulp of the fifth finger and indicated carpal osteoarthritis as the distant-and unexpected-origin of the lesion. The suggested diagnosis of ganglion cyst was confirmed by computed tomography arthrography (CT arthrography) of the wrist, which showed opacification of the cyst on delayed acquisitions after intra-articular injection into the mid-carpal joint, through the fifth flexor digitorum tendon sheath. The communications between the degenerative carpal joint, the radio-ulnar bursa, the fifth flexor digitorum tendon sheath and the pedicle of the cyst were well demonstrated.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Nov
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46
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19904531 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19904531
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Nov
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47
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PMID及链接：
19908040 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19908040
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Behcet's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition involving several organs, such as the skin, mucous membranes, eyes, joints, intestines, lungs and central nervous system. It rarely affects the spinal column. We describe a case of progressive atlanto-axial subluxation in a 44-year-old woman with Behcet's disease. The patient started complaining of posterior neck pain 10 years after the diagnosis of her Behcet's disease. Initial radiographs showed no abnormal finding, but follow-up radiographs 6 month later demonstrated atlanto-axial subluxation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case in the worldwide literature of an atlanto-axial instability in a patient with Behcet's disease.
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Skeletal radiology. 2009 Nov
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PMID及链接：
19911179 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19911179
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Nov
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49
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PMID及链接：
19911180 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19911180
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the safety and effectiveness of the computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy-guided placement of iliosacral screws in patients with unstable posterior pelvic fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six patients (four women and two men; mean age 55.8 years; range 35-77 years) with unstable posterior pelvic fractures underwent iliosacral screw placement under CT fluoroscopy guidance between November 2007 and August 2008. Unstable pelvic ring injury (AO types B and C) was the indication for this procedure. RESULTS: In all the six patients except one, CT fluoroscopy-guided placement had been technically successful. In one patient, a second screw had been inserted, with a tilt to the caudal site, and slightly advanced into the extrasacral body; afterward, it could be exchanged safely for a shorter screw. Five patients and one patient underwent placement of two screws and one screw, respectively. The mean duration of the procedure was 15.0 min (range 9-30 min) per screw; the duration was 12.3 min and 18.2 min for the first and second screws, respectively. No complications requiring treatment occurred during or after the procedure. The mean clinical and radiologic follow-up period was 14 months (range 6-21 months). All pelvic injuries had healed satisfactorily, without complication, and all patients are now doing well clinically and can walk. CONCLUSION: CT fluoroscopy-guided placement of iliosacral screws is a safe and effective treatment in patients with unstable posterior pelvic fractures.
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Skeletal radiology. 2009 Nov
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PMID及链接：
19911181 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19911181
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OBJECTIVE: To determine if new onset of low back pain in adults could be secondary to lumbar spondylolysis by establishing the age-related prevalence in the general population by examining patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) for reasons unrelated to back pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 2,555 patients who had undergone abdominal and pelvic CT in 2008 were reviewed electronically. In order to determine a true representation of the general population, we reviewed all indications for CT, excluding patients with a primary complaint of low back pain as the primary indication for imaging. Equal numbers of patients were separated into age groups by decade to ensure an even distribution of ages for statistical analysis. Patients older than 70 years were grouped together to provide case numbers comparable to those of the other decades. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the significance of the results. Three board-certified radiologists, including two musculoskeletal fellows and a radiology resident, retrospectively evaluated CT scans for lumbar spondylolysis, including unilateral and bilateral defects. RESULTS: Of the 2,555 cases evaluated, there were 203 positive cases of defects of the lumbar pars interarticularis. This corresponded to an overall prevalence of 8.0%. Prevalence per decade was fairly evenly distributed and ranged from 7.0%( ages 30-39 years) to 9.2% (ages 70 years and above). Prevalence of ages 20-49 years was 7.9%, and that of ages 50 years and older was 8.0%. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Logistic regression showed no significant increase in spondylolysis based on age. CONCLUSION: No significant increase in the prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis was demonstrated in patients older than 20 years. This suggests that the development of symptomatic lumbar pars defects do not occur in this population and should not be considered as a rare but potentially treatable cause of new onset low back pain in adults. This study demonstrated an overall prevalence of pars defects of 8.0% in our population. As demonstrated in previous studies, the male to female ratio of 1.5:1 was a statistically significant difference.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Nov
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PMID及链接：
19924413 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19924413
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OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the correlation of the absolute bone mineral density (BMD) values of the lumbar spine and standard sites of the proximal femur obtained from a Lunar Prodigy and the newly developed pencil-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Dexxum). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 2008 and December 2008, 79 Korean volunteers were enrolled. Measurements were obtained on the same day using both densitometers. The absolute BMD values (g/cm(2)) from the two densitometers were evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis with Bonferroni's correction for the three clinically important sites. In order to evaluate precision, we performed duplicate Dexxum measurements, and calculated the within-subject coefficient of variation (WSCV). RESULTS: The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) of BMD values for the total proximal femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine by the two densitometers were 0.926, 0.948, and 0.955 respectively, and the null hypotheses of r = 0.8 were all rejected (p < 0.001 by one-sided Z-test with Fisher's z-transformation for each site). The T-scores (r >== 0.842) and Z-scores (r >== 0.709) also showed strong positive correlations. The duplicate BMD values of Dexxum showed a high level of precision (WSCV <== 4.27%). CONCLUSION: Dexxum measurements of BMD, T-scores, and Z-scores showed a strong linear correlation with those measured on Lunar Prodigy.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Nov
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52
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PMID及链接：
19936740 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19936740
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Chondroblastoma is a benign bone tumor that typically arises in the epiphysis of a long bone. However, when it occurs in non-epiphyseal location in flat bones, it may create a diagnostic problem. We describe such a case of chondroblastoma arising in the iliac bone. A 29-year-old man was incidentally found to have a bony pelvic lesion while undergoing evaluation for Crohn's disease. The radiographs and CT revealed an expansile lytic lesion in the right iliac bone. A core biopsy of the lesion was performed. The histopathology revealed the lesion to be a chondroblastoma with secondary features of aneurysmal bone cyst. An en bloc surgical resection of the tumor was performed.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Nov
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53
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PMID及链接：
19936742 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19936742
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Nov
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54
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PMID及链接：
19936743 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19936743
摘 要：
PURPOSE: To determine the timing for follow-up study of power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) by evaluating the response of finger joint synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to treatment including infliximab, an antitumor necrosis factor alpha agent. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Bilateral second/third metacarpo-phalangeal (MCP) joints and second proximal inter-phalangeal (PIP) joints (total of six joints) in 21 patients (18 women and three men; median age 53 years) with chronic active RA were assessed by PDUS before and after 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 14 weeks, 30 weeks, 38 weeks, 46 weeks, and 54 weeks of infliximab infusion. Pulse Doppler settings were standardized for each patient and optimized for the detection of synovial blood flow by adjustment of color gain, pulse repetition, and flow optimization. Power Doppler signal was graded for each joint [joint grade for power Doppler (JGPD) signals], and the sum of the grades of six joints was defined as the PDUS index [joint index for power Doppler signals (JIPD)] at each visit. PDUS and clinical parameters [28-joint disease activity score (DAS28), health assessment questionnaire, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level] were independently assessed and compared with baseline values. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) core set responders and non-responders at week 54 were compared for clinical parameters and PDUS index at each visit. RESULTS: Fourteen patients completed the planned treatment for 1 year, while six patients dropped out for various reasons and one died suddenly. PDUS was performed a total of 146 times on 467 joints. DAS28 was assessed 127 times. Both DAS28 and JIPD had decreased at the follow-up. Comparative analysis between DAS28 and PDUS was available 125 times. The transverse correlation between the PDUS index and DAS28 was not significant throughout the follow-up period. When responders and non-responders were discriminated at week 54, a logistic regression model for the binary endpoint of responder vs non-responder, with PDUS index as explanatory variable at time point 0, and follow-up revealed statistical significance from week 38 and on. CONCLUSION: PDUS reflected infliximab's effect on pannus vascular signals; this effect was observed as early as 2 weeks after treatment had begun. Also, the responders to treatment at 54 weeks tended to have fewer JIPD than non-responders in the follow-up period. PDUS may be performed at week 38 or later to foresee the response to the treatment at week 54.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Nov
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55
参考中文标题：
影像学表现，发病率和结果从头和中学骨恶性纤维组织细胞瘤。
PMID及链接：
19936744 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19936744
摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the radiographic and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of primary and secondary malignant fibrous histiocytoma in bone and determine the demographics, prevalence and outcome of patients with this tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective search of files from two institutions identified 28 patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of bone. Microscope slides were reviewed to confirm diagnosis and identify any pre-existing lesions. Medical records were reviewed with respect to patients' demographic characteristics and outcomes. RESULTS: Radiographic features demonstrated an aggressive osteolytic lesion with a permeative pattern of bone destruction. Periosteal reaction was seen in three of 13 lesions. T1-weighted images (T1WIs) demonstrated signal intensity iso- to slightly hyperintense to muscle. T2-weighted images (T2WIs) demonstrated mildly higher signal intensity than that of muscle. The 5-year survival rate was 53%. The tumor arose secondarily in pre-existing lesions in 43% of patients. Metastases occurred in 46% of patients during the course of the disease, with pulmonary and osseous metastases being the most common. CONCLUSION: Secondary MFH of bone was slightly less common than primary MFH and had a prognosis similar to that of primary MFH of bone. MR imaging showed variable and somewhat unusual low to intermediate T2 signal characteristics for a radiographically malignant osteolytic lesion.
参考中文摘要：
目的：探讨X线及磁共振（MR）影像学特征中小学骨恶性纤维组织细胞瘤，并确定了人口，患病率和患者的结果与此肿瘤。材料与方法：对文件从两个机构的回溯检索发现28例恶性纤维组织细胞瘤（瘤）骨的病人。显微镜幻灯片进行了审查，以确认诊断，找出任何预先存在的病变。病历审查了病人的人口特点和成果。结果：影像学表现出的骨破坏渗入性骨模式侵略性溶骨性病变。骨膜反应主要出现在13个病灶3。 T1加权图像（T1WIs）显示信号强度异稍稍高信号的肌肉。 T2加权像（T2WIs）表明轻度更高的信号强度比肌肉。 5年生存率为53％。其次是肿瘤出现在预审中43％的患者存在病变。转移发生在46％的病人在疾病过程中，肺和骨是最常见的转移。结论：骨中细胞瘤是不太常用的比小学瘤和预后进行了类似的骨原发性恶性纤维组织细胞的。磁共振成像显示变量和不同寻常的低放射学恶性溶骨性病变的中间T2信号特征。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Nov
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56
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PMID及链接：
19941134 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19941134
摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: Tibial spiking (i.e., spurring of tibial spines), eburnation, and osteophytes are considered features of osteoarthritis. This investigation employed direct inspection of the medial and lateral tibial plateaus in paleopathological specimens to analyze the frequency and morphological features of osteoarthritis and to define any relationship between the size of osteophytes and that of the intercondylar tibial spines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 35 tibial bone specimens were evaluated for the degree of osteoarthritis and presence of eburnation. Each plateau was also divided into four quadrants and the presence and size of bone outgrowths were recorded in each quadrant. The "medial/lateral tibial intercondylar spine index" for each specimen was calculated as follows: (medial/lateral intercondylar tibial spine height)/(anteroposterior width of the superior tibial surface). The relationships between medial and lateral tibial height indexes with the degree of osteoarthritis were then tested. RESULTS: Osteophytes were observed more frequently in the anterior quadrants of both tibial plateaus than in the posterior quadrants (29 vs 16 for the medial tibial plateau [p = 0.01] and 28 vs 20 for the lateral tibial plateau [p = 0.04]). Eburnation was seen more frequently in the posterior regions of both tibial plateaus than in the anterior regions (17 vs 5, p < 0.01). In specimens with no signs of osteoarthritis the lateral intercondylar tibial index was significantly lower than that in specimens with some degree of osteoarthritis (p = 0.02). The medial intercondylar tibial index of the specimens with no signs of osteoarthritis was not significantly different from that of the specimens with some degree of osteoarthritis (p = 0.45). There was a positive correlation between the lateral spine height index and the overall grading of osteoarthritis, (r = 0.6, p < 0.01). In the anteromedial and posteromedial quadrants of the lateral tibial plateau, the association between the lateral intercondylar tibial spine index and the grade of osteophytes was 0.5 (p < 0.01) and 0.7 (p < 0.01) respectively. CONCLUSION: Spiking of the lateral tibial intercondylar spine is associated with osteophyte formation and osteoarthritis. Eburnation occurs mainly in the posterior parts of the tibial plateaus while osteophytes arise mainly in the anterior parts. These findings suggest that stresses occurring in the flexed knee may contribute to many of the morphological abnormalities of osteoarthritis.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Nov
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57
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19941135 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19941135
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Nov
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58
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19941136 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19941136
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Nov
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59
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19949787 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19949787
摘 要：
This review article classifies the various adverse reactions arising from intra-articular injections by severity, diagnostic category, and whether they are due to corticosteroid, local anesthetic or viscosupplementation injections. Life-threatening and serious adverse events from intra-articular injections are rare and range from local complications to systemic afflictions. Measures to reduce the likelihood of an adverse event occurring are outlined and patients with significant features in their clinical histories, predisposing them to adverse events, are highlighted.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Dec
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60
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19953245 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19953245
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Dec
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61
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PMID及链接：
19960342 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19960342
摘 要：
An ossified arachnoid membrane combined with cystic formation is rarely reported as a cause of spinal cord compression. We report the case of a 60-year-old man who presented with diffuse ossification of the arachnoid membrane (arachnoid ossification) and multiple cystic changes (arachnoid cyst) at the thoracic and lumbar spine. The lesions were surgically removed and progressive deterioration was prevented, although no marked improvement of neurological symptoms was attained.
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Skeletal radiology. 2009 Dec
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62
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20012039 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/20012039
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Pain at the ulnar aspect of the wrist is a diagnostic challenge for hand surgeons and radiologists due to the small and complex anatomical structures involved. In this article, imaging modalities including radiography, arthrography, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), CT arthrography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and MR arthrography are compared with regard to differential diagnosis. Clinical imaging findings are reviewed for a more comprehensive understanding of this disorder. Treatments for the common diseases that cause the ulnar-sided wrist pain including extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendonitis, flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) tendonitis, pisotriquetral arthritis, triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) lesions, ulnar impaction, lunotriquetral (LT) instability, and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability are reviewed.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Dec
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63
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PMID及链接：
20016888 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/20016888
摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of MR arthrography in the detection of articular cartilage and labral lesions of the glenohumeral joint using a transverse 3D water-excitation true fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP) sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five shoulders were included retrospectively. Shoulder arthroscopy was performed within 6 months of MR arthrography. MR images were evaluated separately by two radiologists. They were blinded to clinical and arthroscopic information. Arthroscopy served as the reference standard. RESULTS: For the detection of humeral cartilage lesions, sensitivities and specificities were 86% (12/14)/89% (50/56) for observer 1 and 93%/86% for observer 2) for the transverse true FISP sequence and 64%/86% (50%/82% for observer 2) for the coronal intermediate-weighted spin-echo images. The corresponding values for the glenoidal cartilage were 60% (6/10)/88% (51/58) (80%/76% for observer 2) and 70%/86% (60%/74% for observer 2) respectively. For the detection of abnormalities of the anterior labrum (only assessed on true FISP images) the values were 94% (15/16)/84% (36/43) (88%/79% for observer 2). The corresponding values for the posterior labrum were 67% (8/12)/77% (36/47) (observer 2: 25%/74%). The kappa values for the grading of the humeral and glenoidal cartilage lesions were 0.81 and 0.55 for true FISP images compared with 0.49 and 0.43 for intermediate-weighted fast spin-echo images. Kappa values for true FISP evaluation of the anterior and posterior part of the labrum were 0.81 and 0.70. CONCLUSION: Transverse 3D true FISP MR arthrography images are useful for the difficult diagnosis of glenohumeral cartilage lesions and suitable for detecting labral abnormalities.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Dec
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64
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PMID及链接：
20033148 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/20033148
摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of fluoroscopically guided caudal epidural steroid injection (ESI) for the management of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) and to analyze outcome predictors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients who underwent caudal ESI in 2006 for DLSS were included in the study. Response was based on chart documentation (aggravated, no change, slightly improved, much improved, no pain). In June 2009 telephone interviews were conducted, using formatted questions including the North American Spine Society (NASS) patient satisfaction scale. For short-term and long-term effects, age difference was evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U test, and gender, duration of symptoms, level of DLSS, spondylolisthesis, and previous operations were evaluated by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixteen patients (male:female = 75:141; mean age 69.2 years; range 48 approximately 91 years) were included in the study. Improvements (slightly improved, much improved, no pain) were seen in 185 patients (85.6%) after an initial caudal ESI and in 189 patients (87.5%) after a series of caudal ESIs. Half of the patients (89/179, 49.8%) replied positively to the NASS patient satisfaction scale (1 or 2). There were no significant outcome predictors for either the short-term or the long-term responses. CONCLUSION: Fluoroscopically guided caudal ESI was effective for the management of DLSS (especially central canal stenosis) with excellent short-term and good long-term results, without significant outcome predictors.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Dec
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65
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PMID及链接：
20033149 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/20033149
摘 要：
The subscapularis is the largest and most powerful of the rotator cuff muscles and fulfills an important role in glenohumeral movement and stability. The spectrum and implications of subscapularis muscle or tendon injury differ from injury to other rotator cuff components because of its unique structure and function. Diagnosing subscapularis injury is clinically difficult and assessment of subscapularis integrity may be limited during arthroscopy or open surgery. Diagnostic imaging plays an important part in diagnosing and evaluating the extent of subscapularis injury. The radiologist should be aware of the anatomy of the subscapularis, the variations in muscle or tendon injury, and the potential implications for treatment and prognosis.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Dec
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66
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PMID及链接：
20037796 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/20037796
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Dec
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67
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20076955 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/20076955
摘 要：
PURPOSE: To prospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted whole body imaging with background whole body signal suppression (DWIBS) with skeletal scintigraphy for the diagnosis and differentiation of skeletal lesions in patients suffering from prostate or breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A diagnostic cohort of 36 patients was included in skeletal scintigraphy and 1.5 T DWIBS MRI. Based on morphology and signal intensity patterns, two readers each identified and classified independently, under blinded conditions, all lesions into three groups: (1) malignant, (2) unclear if malignant or benign and (3) benign. Finally, for the definition of the gold standard all available imaging techniques and follow-up over a minimum of 6 months were considered. RESULTS: Overall, 45 circumscribed bone metastases and 107 benign lesions were found. DWIBS performed significantly better in detecting malignant skeletal lesions in patients with more than 10 lesions (sensitivity: 0.97/0.91) compared to skeletal scintigraphy (sensitivity: 0.48/0.42). No statistical difference could be found between DWIBS (0.58/0.33) and skeletal scintigraphy (0.67/0.58) in the sensitivity values for malignant skeletal lesions in patients with less than 5 lesions. For benign lesions, scintigraphy scored best with a sensitivity of 0.93/0.87 compared to 0.20/0.13 for DWIBS. Interobserver agreement with Cohen's kappa coefficient was calculated as 0.784 in the case of scintigraphy and 0.663 for DWIBS. CONCLUSION: With respect to staging, in prostate and breast carcinoma, the DWIBS technique is not superior to skeletal scintigraphy, but ranks equally. However, in the cases with many bone lesions, markedly more metastases could be discovered using the DWIBS technique than skeletal scintigraphy.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Sep
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68
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PMID及链接：
19756590 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19756590
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: With digital radiography development, information technology (IT) companies have developed specific software for templating procedures, requiring individual magnification assessments for each patient. The aim of this study was to determine the mean magnification factor of digital radiographs and to evaluate the possibility of using the mean magnification factor or clinical information in templating. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 100 primary total hip arthroplasty digital radiographs using the femoral head prosthesis as a calliper to determinate the mean magnification factor. Working on the assumption that altitude of the hip during radiograph is decisive in modification of magnification factors, we also looked for a correlation between weight, body mass index (BMI), altitude and magnification factor. RESULTS: The magnification factor was 126% (121-130%). A relationship was found between magnification factor (Mf) and weight (Mf = 7.10(-4)x weight (kg) + 1.21), but not BMI. In 98% of cases, if the weight-correlated formula is used, the sizing is correct or the error is +/- 1 mm. With the mean method the sizing is correct or within 1 mm in only 78.2% of cases. CONCLUSION: Levels of accuracy for the mean magnification factor and the weight-correlated formula are not as high as individual assessments using a calliper; however, they could be used in everyday practice where individual magnification factors have not been calculated.
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2010 Mar ,39 (3) :273-7
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