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Two patients with unusual medial elbow pain had MRI scans performed that revealed edema of the aberrant muscle of the anconeus epitrochlearis. MRI of this anconeus epitrochlearis muscle are presented.

参考中文摘要：

两例异常肘内侧疼痛完成了核磁共振扫描，发现水肿异常肌肉的anconeus epitrochlearis 。磁共振成像本anconeus epitrochlearis肌肉介绍。

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The term glomangiomatosis refers to multiple glomus tumors, a rare condition. Unlike solitary glomus tumors, multiple glomus tumors are not always located in the subungual region, making diagnosis difficult. We report on three cases of glomangiomatosis in the foot, and describe their MR findings and review previous case reports on this subject.

参考中文摘要：

这个词是指多个glomangiomatosis血管球瘤是一种罕见的条件。血管球瘤与孤立，多血管球瘤并不总是位于甲地区，使诊断困难。我们报告三例glomangiomatosis的脚，并说明他们的议员的调查结果和以前的案件审查报告关于这一问题的。

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Paravertebral glomus tumors.

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We report on a 50-year-old man who suffered from chronic lumbago. CT and MRI revealed a paravertebral tumor mass growing through the neural foramen of lumbar vertebrae 1/2. Signal features on MRI and contrast medium enhancement characteristics were not diagnostically specific. After biopsy a glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential was diagnosed. We also describe the features of glomus tumors and the possible differential diagnoses.

参考中文摘要：

我们报告一个50岁男子谁患有慢性腰痛。 CT和MRI显示椎旁肿块越来越通过神经椎间孔腰椎1 / 2 。信号特征在MRI和对比剂增强的特点并没有诊断特异性。经过活检一血管球瘤的不确定恶性潜能被诊断。我们还介绍了血管球瘤的特点和可能的鉴别诊断。

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True glomus tumor is rare. In the majority of cases it involves the hand, preferring the fingertips or nail beds. We report a patient with glomus tumor of the mid-thigh who presented with severe localized pain and limp. The imaging features are discussed and the English literature reviewed.

参考中文摘要：

真正的血管球瘤是罕见的。在大多数情况下，它涉及的手，宁愿指尖或指甲床。我们报告一个病人的血管球瘤中大腿谁提出严重局部疼痛，跛行。的影像学特征进行了讨论和英文文献审查。

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Nodular fasciitis of the finger.

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Nodular fasciitis is a benign reactive lesion, often mistaken for a soft tissue sarcoma in clinical practice. Involvement of the finger is very rare and, as a result, in this location the lesion has sometimes been treated by ray amputation because of misdiagnosis. We report on the clinical and histological features of nodular fasciitis in a 30-year-old man who was treated by excisional biopsy. There has been no evidence of local recurrence at the recent follow-up 8 years after surgery. The importance of careful histological examination to avoid radical surgery should be emphasized because marginal excision can provide good results in the treatment of nodular fasciitis.

参考中文摘要：

结节性筋膜炎是一种良性反应性病变，往往误认为是软组织肉瘤在临床实践中。参与手指是非常罕见，因此，在这个位置的病变有时被截肢治疗射线因为误诊。我们报告的临床和病理特征的结节性筋膜炎在30岁的男子是谁治疗切除活检。目前还没有证据表明局部复发，在最近的后续手术后8年。的重要性，认真组织学检查，以避免根治性手术应强调边缘切除，因为可以提供良好的结果在治疗结节性筋膜炎。

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether MRI correlates with CT and SPECT imaging for the diagnosis of juvenile spondylolysis, and to determine whether MRI can be used as an exclusive image modality. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Juveniles and young adults with a history of extension low back pain were evaluated by MRI, CT and SPECT imaging. All images were reviewed blindly. Correlative analyses included CT vs MRI for morphological grading and SPECT vs MRI for functional grading. Finally, an overall grading system compared MRI vs CT and SPECT combined. Statistical analysis was performed using the kappa statistic. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients (mean age 16 years) were recruited. Forty pars defects were identified in 22 patients (31%), of which 25 were chronic non-union, five acute complete defects and ten acute incomplete fractures. Kappa scores demonstrated a high level of agreement for all comparative analyses. MRI vs SPECT (kappa: 0.794), MRI vs CT (kappa: 0.829) and MRI vs CT/SPECT (kappa: 0.786). The main causes of discrepancy were between MRI and SPECT for the diagnosis of stress reaction in the absence of overt fracture, and distinguishing incomplete fractures from intact pars or complete defects. CONCLUSIONS: MRI can be used as an effective and reliable first-line image modality for diagnosis of juvenile spondylolysis. However, localised CT is recommended as a supplementary examination in selected cases as a baseline for assessment of healing and for evaluation of indeterminate cases.

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目的：评价磁共振成像是否相关的CT和SPECT显像诊断少年峡，和MRI检查，以确定是否可以作为一个独有的影像方式。设计与患者：青少年和年轻成人的历史延长腰痛评估的MRI ， CT和SPECT显像。所有图片进行了审查盲目。相关分析包括的CT与MRI对形态分级和SPECT与MRI对功能分级。最后，整体分级系统的CT相比，磁共振成像和SPECT与合并。统计分析采用的Kappa值统计。结果： 72例（平均年龄16岁）被招募。第四十二杆缺陷确定了22例（ 31 ％），其中25人慢性非联盟，五个急性完全缺陷和10急性不完全性骨折。卡伯分数表现出高度的协议，所有的比较分析。磁共振成像与断层（ Kappa值： 0.794 ），磁共振成像与CT诊断（ Kappa值： 0.829 ）和磁共振成像对的CT /断层（ Kappa值： 0.786 ）。主要原因之间差异的MRI和SPECT诊断应激反应的情况下公开骨折，骨折和区别不完整的完整的标准杆或完整的缺陷。结论： MRI可作为一种有效和可靠的第一线图像方式的诊断少年峡。但是，局部的CT建议作为补充检查在选定的情况下作为一个基准评估愈合和评价的不确定情况。

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Glenoid labral tears exceeding 180 degrees are an uncommon entity in which characteristic clinical and MR imaging features can lead to a more accurate preoperative diagnosis. We provide a description of glenoid labral tears that exceed 180 degrees, and their characteristic magnetic resonance imaging features. In the young, heavily muscled male athlete, the identification of multiple sites of labral pathology and isolated, extensive posterior labral injuries are features that should raise suspicion for labral tears that exceed 180 degrees.

参考中文摘要：

盂labral眼泪超过180度是一种罕见的实体在临床特征和磁共振成像功能可能会导致更准确的术前诊断。我们提供的说明关节labral眼泪，超过180度，和它们所特有的磁共振成像功能。在年轻，严重肌肉最佳男运动员，确定多个网站的labral病理和孤立的，广泛的后路labral伤害的功能，应当引起怀疑labral眼泪，超过180度。

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OBJECTIVE: To explain a cause of high signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images in calcified intervertebral disks associated with spinal fusion. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Magnetic resonance and radiological examinations of 13 patients were reviewed, presenting one or several intervertebral disks showing a high signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images, associated both with the presence of calcifications in the disks and with peripheral fusion of the corresponding spinal segments. Fusion was due to ligament ossifications (n=8), ankylosing spondylitis (n=4), or posterior arthrodesis (n=1). Imaging files included X-rays and T1-weighted MR images in all cases, T2-weighted MR images in 12 cases, MR images with fat signal suppression in 7 cases, and a CT scan in 1 case. Histological study of a calcified disk from an anatomical specimen of an ankylosed lumbar spine resulting from ankylosing spondylitis was examined. RESULTS: The signal intensity of the disks was similar to that of the bone marrow or of perivertebral fat both on T1-weighted MR images and on all sequences, including those with fat signal suppression. In one of these disks, a strongly negative absorption coefficient was focally measured by CT scan, suggesting a fatty content. The histological examination of the ankylosed calcified disk revealed the presence of well-differentiated bone tissue and fatty marrow within the disk. CONCLUSION: The high signal intensity of some calcified intervertebral disks on T1-weighted MR images can result from the presence of fatty marrow, probably related to a disk ossification process in ankylosed spines.

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目的：解释的一个原因高信号T1加权MR图像融合磁盘钙化与脊柱融合术。设计与患者：磁共振和放射性检查的13例患者进行了审查，提出一个或数个融合磁盘显示了一个高信号强度对T1加权MR图像，都与相关的存在钙化在磁盘和与周边融合相应的脊髓部分。融合是由于韧带ossifications （ 8例），强直性脊柱炎（ 4例），或后关节融合术（ 1例）。影像文件包括X射线和T1加权磁共振成像在所有情况下， T2加权磁共振成像12例， MR图像信号抑制脂肪在7例， CT扫描1例。组织学研究钙化磁盘从解剖标本的ankylosed腰椎因强直性脊柱炎进行了检查。结果：信号强度的磁盘相似，骨髓或脂肪的perivertebral都在T1加权磁共振图像和所有序列，包括那些脂肪信号抑制。在其中一个磁盘上，一个强烈的负面吸收系数是局部测量CT扫描，显示不饱和脂肪酸含量。组织学检查显示ankylosed钙化磁盘存在分化良好的骨组织和骨髓内脂肪的磁盘。结论：高信号强度的一些钙化融合磁盘T1加权MR图像可能导致脂肪的存在骨髓，可能与磁盘骨化过程ankylosed刺。

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate MR imaging of sacrococcygeal chordoma. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Thirty patients (age range 22-80 years) underwent MR imaging for the diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of sacrococcygeal chordomas. Eight patients had follow-up MR examination after treatment. The MR images were performed with T1- and T2-weighted imaging, and gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced imaging. The MR images were analyzed for the signal intensity, enhancing pattern, tumor size, growth pattern of the soft tissue component, and tumor extension. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: T1-weighted images showed low signal masses with foci of high signal intensity in 73% of cases. Tumors enhanced in a variety of patterns after the administration of Gd. Soft tissue masses extending anteriorly were seen in all cases with posterior extension in 77% of cases. The posterior masses involved the surrounding muscles and extended toward the greater sciatic notch, appearing with pseudopodia (87%). Sacroiliac joints were involved in 23% of cases. Four lesions showed intraspinal extension and involvement of the posterior spinal muscles above the level of bony involvement. In 6 patients recurrent tumors were found at or around the surgical margin of the tumor 6 months to 5 years after resection of the sacral tumor. In two of the patients, nodular metastases to the pelvic bones and femur were found 1-4 years after initial examination. In conclusion, MR imaging is useful in the diagnosis and preoperative assessment of sacrococcygeal chordoma. Characteristic findings included sacral mass with heterogeneously high signal intensity with crisscrossing septa on long-repetition-time imaging, well-encapsulated pseudopodia-like or lobulated appearance, and gluteal muscle infiltration. Follow-up MR imaging is helpful to assess for recurrent or metastatic lesions of chordomas.

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目的：评价磁共振成像骶尾部脊索瘤。设计与患者： 30例（年龄范围22-80岁）进行磁共振成像的诊断和术前评估骶尾部脊索瘤。 8例患者的后续治疗后MR检查。磁共振图像进行了与T1和T2加权成像和钆（钆）增强成像。磁共振图像进行分析的信号强度，增强型，肿瘤大小，增长方式的软组织部分，与肿瘤的延伸。结果和结论： T1加权图像显示低信号肿块病灶的高信号强度在73 ％的案件。肿瘤增强了各种模式后，政府的Gd 。软组织肿块扩大anteriorly被视为在所有情况下，后延长77 ％的案件。后群众参与周围的肌肉和延长坐骨神经走向更大的缺口，出现了伪足（ 87 ％）。骶髂关节都参与了23 ％的病例。 4个病灶内推广和参与后路肌肉水平之上骨参与。 6例复发的肿瘤被发现时或手术切缘周围的肿瘤6个月至5年后切除骶骨肿瘤。中的两个病人，结节转移到骨盆骨和股骨被发现1-4年后初步审查。总之，磁共振成像是有用的诊断和术前评估骶尾部脊索瘤。特性的调查结果包括骶肿块不均匀高信号强度与交叉间隔长期重复实时成像，以及封装伪足样或分叶状外观，和臀肌挛缩症的渗透。后续磁共振成像有助于评估的复发或转移灶的脊索瘤。

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OBJECTIVE: To develop a scoring system for quantifying osteoarthritic changes of the knee as identified by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and to determine its inter- and intra-observer reproducibility, in order to monitor medical therapy in research studies. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Two independent observers evaluated 25 consecutive MR examinations of the knee in patients with previously defined clinical symptoms and radiological signs of osteoarthritis. We acquired on a 1.5 T system: coronal and sagittal proton density- and T2-weighted dual spin echo (SE) images, sagittal three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient echo (GE) images with fat suppression, and axial dual turbo SE images with fat suppression. Images were scored for the presence of cartilaginous lesions, osteophytes, subchondral cysts, bone marrow edema, and for meniscal abnormalities. Presence and size of effusion, synovitis and Baker's cyst were recorded. All parameters were ranked on a previously defined, semiquantitative scale, reflecting increasing severity of findings. Kappa, weighted kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to determine inter- and intra-observer variability. RESULTS: Inter-observer reproducibility was good (ICC value 0.77). Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility for individual parameters was good to very good (inter-observer ICC value 0.63-0.91; intra-observer ICC value 0.76-0.96). CONCLUSION: The presented comprehensive MR scoring system for osteoarthritic changes of the knee has a good to very good inter-observer and intra-observer reproducibility. Thus the score form with its definitions can be used for standardized assessment of osteoarthritic changes to monitor medical therapy in research studies.

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目的：建立计分制量化骨变化膝关节所确定的磁共振（先生）成像，并确定其内部和重复性观察员，以监督医疗治疗的研究。设计与患者：两个独立的观察员评估连续25次磁共振检查患者的膝关节先前定义的临床症状和放射性骨性关节炎的迹象。我们收购的1.5 T系统：冠状和矢状位质子密度和T2加权双自旋回波（ SE ）图像，矢状三维T1加权梯度回波（ GE ）的图像与脂肪抑制和轴向双涡轮增压版图像脂肪抑制。图像得分存在软骨病变， osteophytes ，软骨囊肿，骨髓水肿和半月板异常。存在和规模积液，滑膜炎和贝克囊肿录。所有参数都排在先前定义，半规模，反映了日益严重的结果。 Kappa值，加权Igκ和组内相关系数（ ICC ）的被用来确定内部和观察员变异。结果：间观察员重复性好（国际商会值0.77 ）。内部和观察员对个别参数重复性好非常好（间观察员国际商会价值0.63-0.91 ;内部观察员国际商会值0.76-0.96 ）。结论：提出了全面的磁共振计分制骨变化的膝关节有一个很好很好间观察员和内部观察员重现。因此，评分表，其定义可用于标准化评估骨的变化，以监测药物治疗的研究。

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Two patients with unusual medial elbow pain had MRI scans performed that revealed edema of the aberrant muscle of the anconeus epitrochlearis. MRI of this anconeus epitrochlearis muscle are presented.

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两例异常肘内侧疼痛完成了核磁共振扫描，发现水肿异常肌肉的anconeus epitrochlearis 。磁共振成像本anconeus epitrochlearis肌肉介绍。

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这个词是指多个glomangiomatosis血管球瘤是一种罕见的条件。血管球瘤与孤立，多血管球瘤并不总是位于甲地区，使诊断困难。我们报告三例glomangiomatosis的脚，并说明他们的议员的调查结果和以前的案件审查报告关于这一问题的。

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True glomus tumor is rare. In the majority of cases it involves the hand, preferring the fingertips or nail beds. We report a patient with glomus tumor of the mid-thigh who presented with severe localized pain and limp. The imaging features are discussed and the English literature reviewed.

参考中文摘要：

真正的血管球瘤是罕见的。在大多数情况下，它涉及的手，宁愿指尖或指甲床。我们报告一个病人的血管球瘤中大腿谁提出严重局部疼痛，跛行。的影像学特征进行了讨论和英文文献审查。

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