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提示：目前本站文摘的参考中文大部分是机器翻译结果，尚且存在不足之处。希望广大用户积极参与翻译修改。

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OBJECTIVE: The "arcuate sign" is considered a pathognomonic sign for injuries of the posterolateral (PL) corner of the knee. The purpose of our study was to identify different patterns of injury to the fibular head that may associate with injuries to specific ligaments and tendons of the PL corner of the knee. The anatomic relations between the insertions of fibular collateral ligament (FCL), biceps femoris tendon (BFT), popliteofibular ligament (PFL), and arcuate ligament in normal cadaveric knees were also investigated. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in two cadaveric knees which subsequently were dissected. Radiopaque markers were placed upon the fibular insertions of the FCL, BFT, PFL, and arcuate ligament in the dissected knees, and knee radiographs were then obtained. Twelve patients with radiographic or MR imaging evidence of isolated injury to the PL corner of the knee were retrospectively reviewed, with regard to avulsion fractures and marrow edema in the fibular head and the integrity of the ligaments of the PL corner of the knee. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The PFL and arcuate ligament were seen to attach directly to the posterior and medial aspect of the styloid process of the fibular head. The FCL and BFT attached as a conjoined structure on the lateral aspect of the fibular head lateral, anterior and inferior to the attachment site of the PFL and arcuate ligament. Injury to the arcuate ligament or PFL was diagnosed in 8 patients who presented with a small avulsion fracture of the styloid process of the fibula (n=2), bone marrow edema in the medial aspect of the fibular head (n=3), or both (n=3). In 4 patients with injury to the conjoined tendon or FCL, a larger avulsion fragment and more diffuse proximal fibular edema were seen. Radiographic and MR imaging findings in injuries of the posterolateral corner of the knee may suggest injury to specific structures inserting in the fibular head.

参考中文摘要：

目的： “弓状签署”被认为是pathognomonic迹象损伤后（特等）角落的膝盖。的目的，我们的研究，以确定不同的损伤腓骨头可能准受伤具体韧带和肌腱的特等角落的膝盖。解剖关系插入腓骨韧带（柜），股二头肌肌腱（信实），腘腓韧带（腘腓韧带），和弓状韧带正常尸体膝盖进行了研究。设计与患者：磁共振成像是在两个膝盖随后尸体进行解剖。透X线标志放在腓骨插入的整箱，信实，腘腓韧带和弓状韧带的解剖膝盖，和膝关节X光片，然后获得。 12例X线或磁共振成像证据孤立损伤特等角落的膝关节进行回顾，对于撕脱骨折和骨髓水肿的腓骨头和完整性韧带特等角落的膝盖。结果和结论：在腘腓韧带和弓状韧带被视为高度后直接和内侧方面茎突的腓骨头。该限流器和信实重视作为连体结构对侧面的腓骨头外侧，前伪劣的依恋网站的腘腓韧带和弓状韧带。损伤弓状韧带或腘腓韧带被确诊8例谁提出一个小撕脱骨折茎突的腓骨（ 2例），骨髓水肿内侧方面的腓骨头（ 3例），或双方（ 3例）。在4例损伤连体肌腱或整箱，较大撕脱片段，更弥漫近端腓骨水肿被视为。 X线与磁共振成像结果在伤后角落的膝盖受伤，可能会建议具体结构插入的腓骨头。

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the imaging findings in eight cases of unilateral tensor fascia lata (TFL) hypertrophy presenting as soft tissue masses. DESIGN: Imaging studies and medical charts of eight patients were reviewed retrospectively. The imaging studies included five radiographs, five computed tomography (CT) and six magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. RESULTS: The majority of patients (seven of eight) presented with a palpable proximal anterior thigh mass. One patient was asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed. There were six females and two males. Ages ranged from 27 to 86 years old (mean 61). MRI and CT showed unilateral enlargement of the TFL muscle in all cases. CONCLUSION: TFL muscle hypertrophy is an uncommon clinical entity, which can simulate a soft tissue tumor. The characteristic appearance on CT or MRI allows a confident diagnosis of muscle hypertrophy to be made, avoiding unnecessary biopsy or surgical intervention.

参考中文摘要：

目的：描述成像结果八案件单方面阔筋膜张肌（交通局）肥厚提出的软组织肿块。设计：影像学和医学的78例进行回顾性分析。影像学研究包括5片， 5个计算机断层扫描（ CT ）和6个磁共振成像（ MRI ）检查。结果：大多数患者（ 7 8 ）提出一个明显的近端前大腿质量。一个病人是无症状和顺便诊断。有6名女性和两名男性。年龄介于27至86岁（平均61 ）。 MRI和CT显示，单方面扩大交通局肌肉于所有情况。结论：交通局肌肉肥厚是一种少见的临床实体，它可以模拟软组织肿瘤。外观上的特征CT或MRI允许信心诊断肌肉肥厚作出，避免不必要的活检或外科手术。

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the usefulness of MR imaging for preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of the extent of localized giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS). DESIGN AND PATIENTS: We retrospectively reviewed the MR images of 25 patients with surgically proved GCTTS (seven males and 18 females; mean age, 41 years) including five recurrences. T1- and T2-weighted imaging was carried out on 24 and 22 lesions, respectively. Gadolinium-enhanced images were obtained for 20 lesions. We evaluated the tumor extent around the phalanx (the degree of circumferential occupation by a tumor around the phalanx on an axial plane) and involvement of the bone, joint, and tenosynovial space by both MR imaging and surgery (gold standard). RESULTS: MR signal intensities of the GCTTSs were consistently equal to those of skeletal muscle or between those of muscle and fat on T1-weighted images; on T2-weighted images, the signal intensities tended to be between those of muscle and fat. Most lesions were inhomogeneous due to low-signal-intensity areas, and enhanced following gadolinium administration. The tumor extent around the phalanx was 168.5 +/- 99.2 degrees (63-360 degrees). MR imaging did not identify the bone involvement (five lesions), but depicted the involvement of the joint in four of five lesions and the tenosynovial space in nine of ten lesions. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that MR imaging is able to depict the characteristic internal signal of GCTTS. Moreover, it can accurately assess the tumor size and degree of extent around the phalanx, which can affect the type of surgical approach.

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目的：本研究的目的是要澄清的有用性磁共振成像术前诊断和评估的程度本地化巨细胞瘤腱鞘（ GCTTS ）。设计与患者：我们回顾性磁共振成像的25例手术证明GCTTS （ 7男18女，平均年龄， 41岁），其中包括五个复发。 T1的和T2加权成像进行了24和22例，分别为。钆增强图像获得了20例。我们评估范围内的肿瘤周围方阵（周程度占领肿瘤周围方阵的轴面）和参与骨骼，关节和腱鞘空间都磁共振成像和手术（金标准）。结果： MR信号强度的GCTTSs始终平等的骨骼肌或人之间的肌肉和脂肪的T1加权影像;对T2加权图像，信号强度往往是国家之间的肌肉和脂肪。大多数病灶不均匀由于低信号强度的地区，并加强以下钆管理。肿瘤程度的方阵是168.5 + / - 99.2度（ 63-360度）。磁共振成像没有确定骨参与（ 5例），但描述的参与联合在四个五年病变和腱鞘空间中有9个10个病灶。结论：本研究证实，磁共振成像能描述特征的内部信号GCTTS 。此外，它可以准确地评估肿瘤的大小和程度的程度的方阵，这可能会影响类型的手术方式。

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OBJECTIVE: Clinically, females receive anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears more commonly than males. We explored whether gender differences exist in MR imaging patterns of ACL tears. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: At 1.5 T, two observers evaluated MR examinations of 84 consecutive age-matched patients (42 males, 42 females, aged 16-39) with ACL tears, for mechanism of injury, extent and type of tear, the presence of secondary signs and associated osseous, meniscal and ligamentous injuries. RESULTS: The most common mechanism of injury for both females and males was the pivot shift mechanism (67 and 60%, respectively). Females were more commonly imaged in the acute stage of tear than males (98 and 67%, respectively, p=0.001) and more commonly possessed the typical posterolateral tibial bone contusion pattern (88 and 62%, respectively, p=0.0131). Males exhibited a deeper femoral notch sign (2.7 and 2.0 mm, p=0.007) and medial meniscal, lateral collateral ligament and posterior cruciate ligament injuries more commonly than females (48 and 24%, p=0.009, 30 and 7%, p=0.035, 17 and 0%, p=0.035). There was no significant difference between genders for the presence of other secondary signs and contusion patterns, associated lateral meniscal tears, presence of O'Donoghue's triad or associated medial collateral ligament injuries. CONCLUSION: Gender differences in MR imaging patterns of ACL tears exist: females are more commonly imaged in the acute stage and more commonly possess posterolateral tibial bone contusions; males have a more severe presentation than females, associated with more severe lateral femoral condyle and soft tissue injuries.

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目的：临床上，女性接受前十字韧带（ ACL ）的眼泪更普遍高于男性。我们探讨是否存在性别差异磁共振成像模式的ACL眼泪。设计与患者： 1.5吨，两名观察员评价磁共振检查的84个连续年龄匹配的患者（ 42男， 42女，年龄16-39 ）与前交叉韧带的眼泪，因为机制的损伤，程度和类型的泪，在场的情况下中学的迹象和相关骨，半月板和韧带损伤。结果：最常见的损伤机理的女性和男性是枢轴转变机制（ 67和60 ％，分别）。女性更常见的影像在急性期泪高于男性（ 98和67 ％， P均= 0.001 ）和更普遍具有典型的后胫骨挫伤模式（ 88和62 ％， P均= 0.0131 ）。男性表现出更深的股骨缺口的迹象（ 2.7和2.0毫米， p值= 0.007 ），内侧半月板，外侧副韧带，后交叉韧带损伤较为普遍高于女性（ 48岁和24 ％， p值= 0.009 ， 30日和7 ％， p值= 0.035 ，第17和0 ％， P均= 0.035 ）。差异无显着男女之间是否存在其他次要的迹象和挫伤模式，外侧半月板有关的眼泪，在场的奥多诺休的黑社会或相关的内侧副韧带受伤。结论：性别差异磁共振成像模式的ACL眼泪存在：女性更常见的成像在急性期和更普遍拥有后胫骨挫伤;男性有更严重的介绍高于女性，与更严重的外侧股骨髁和软组织受伤。

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We are reporting an unusual case of isolated intraosseous tophus in medial hallux sesamoid presenting as tumor-like lesion in a teenage patient without prior history of gouty attack and underlying systemic disorders. The lesion manifested isointensity to surrounding muscles with internal low signal on spin echo (SE) T1-weighted images, and heterogeneous low signal intensity on fast spin echo (FSE) T2-weighted images. Computed tomography (CT) scan disclosed expansion and diffusely increased attenuation of the medial hallux sesamoid with focal cortical erosion and extraosseous extension of high attenuation content. The subsequent resection and pathology revealed intraosseous tophus deposition, which is particularly rare at this site and at this age. Imaging studies revealed some characteristic imaging features which can retrospectively be attributed to gouty tophus. When an expansile osteolytic lesion manifesting low signal intensity on T2-weighted image and internal calcifications on CT scan is encountered, the possibility of intraosseous tophus should be included in the list of differential diagnoses, even in a teenage patient without prior history of gout.

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我们报告一个不寻常的情况下孤立内痛风石内侧外翻籽提出的瘤样病变的一个十几岁的病人无需事先历史痛风发作和基本系统性疾病。病变表现isointensity周围肌肉内部低信号自旋回波（ SE ） T1加权图像和异构低信号强度快速自旋回波股份公司（ FSE ） T2加权图像。计算机断层扫描（ CT ）扫描披露扩大和弥漫增加衰减内侧外翻籽局灶性皮质侵蚀和外延长高衰减内容。随后切除和病理显示内痛风石沉积，这是特别难得的在本网站上，并在这个年龄。成像研究显示某些特征的图像功能，可追溯应归功于痛风痛风石。当膨胀溶骨性病变表现低信号强度在T2加权像和内部钙化CT扫描遇到的可能性，内痛风石应列入名单的鉴别诊断，即使是在一个十几岁的病人无需事先历史痛风。

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Lipomatosis of a nerve is a well-known but uncommon entity mostly seen in the median nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to provide pathognomonic features, obviating the need for diagnostic biopsy. We present a case of lipomatosis of a branch of the medial plantar nerve with an atypical appearance on magnetic resonance imaging.

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脂肪的神经是一个众所周知的，但不常见的实体多见于正中神经。磁共振成像（ MRI ）已被证实提供pathognomonic功能，无须进行诊断活检。我们提出一个案件脂肪的一个分支足底内侧神经的非典型出庭，对磁共振成像。

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Mycotic osteomyelitis is rare and occurs in immunocompromised patients after inoculation of the pathogen at a penetrating trauma site. Mycotic osteomyelitis due to Scedosporium Apiospermum is extremely rare, with only 13 cases of septic arthritis reported previously. Ours is only the third case of S. apiospermum osteomyelitis in an immunocompromised patient and the only patient with a histopathologic diagnosis from an amputation specimen. Recognition of this pathogen may be delayed due to insidious onset and negative joint fluid cultures, often requiring synovial or bone biopsies to establish the diagnosis. Delay in appropriate treatment may result in disseminating infection or even death.

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骨髓炎是罕见的真菌和发生在接种后免疫功能低下患者的病原体在穿透性创伤网站。霉菌性骨髓炎由于Scedosporium菌是极为罕见的，只有13例化脓性关节炎以前的报告。我国是唯一的第三宗案件的S.菌骨髓炎患者的免疫功能低下的唯一病人的病理组织学诊断的截肢标本。承认这种病菌可能会推迟发病由于阴险和消极关节液的文化，往往需要滑膜或骨切片以确定诊断。延误适当的治疗可能会导致传播感染，甚至死亡。

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A very rare case of duplication of the clavicle and triplication of the coracoid process of the scapula is presented. Duplication of the clavicle has been described in only six reports based on a search of the world literature. There is no mention of duplication or triplication of the coracoid process of the scapula in the world literature and this would appear to be the first report of this kind. A combination of bifurcation and triplication of the clavicle and coracoid process, respectively, in the present case illustrates that even anomalous bones search for their counterpart to form a joint. The process of duplication or triplication is explained with a new hypothesis.

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一个非常罕见的情况下重复锁骨和triplication的喙突肩胛骨介绍。重复锁骨已被描述的只有6个报告的基础上寻求世界文学。没有提到的重复或triplication的喙突的肩胛骨在世界文学，这似乎是第一次报告的这一类。结合分岔和triplication的锁骨与喙突，分别在本案例说明，即使是不正常的骨头寻找对口组建一支联合。的过程中重复或解释triplication是一个新的假说。

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