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1
参考中文标题：
磁共振成像的肘部。第一部分：正常解剖，成像技术，和骨畸形。 [审查] [ 68参]
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. rkijowski@mail.radiology.wisc.edu
PMID及链接：
15480641 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15480641
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摘 要：
Part I of this comprehensive review on magnetic resonance imaging of the elbow discusses normal elbow anatomy and the technical factors involved in obtaining high-quality magnetic resonance images of the elbow. Part I also discusses the role of magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating patients with osseous abnormalities of the elbow. With proper patient positioning and imaging technique, magnetic resonance imaging can yield high-quality multiplanar images which are useful in evaluating the osseous structures of the elbow. Magnetic resonance imaging can detect early osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum and can be used to evaluate the size, location, stability, and viability of the osteochondritis dissecans fragment. Magnetic resonance imaging can detect early stress injury to the proximal ulna in athletes. Magnetic resonance imaging can detect radiographically occult fractures of the elbow in both children and adults. Magnetic resonance imaging is also useful in children to further evaluate elbow fractures which are detected on plain-film radiographs. [References: 68]
参考中文摘要：
第一部分的全面检讨磁共振成像肘关节讨论正常肘关节解剖和技术因素在获得高品质的磁共振图像的肘部。第一部分还讨论了作用的磁共振成像技术在评价骨异常患者的肘部。有了适当的病人定位和成像技术，磁共振成像技术可以产生高质量的多平面图像是有益的评价骨结构的肘部。磁共振成像可以检测早期剥脱性骨软骨炎的capitellum ，可用于评价大小，位置，稳定性和可行性剥脱性骨软骨炎片段。磁共振成像可以检测早期应激损伤的近端尺骨运动员。磁共振成像可以检测到X线隐匿性骨折的肘关节在儿童和成人。磁共振成像也是有益的，以进一步评估儿童肘部骨折的检测纯电影片。 [参考文献： 68 ]
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2004 Dec ,33 (12) :685-97
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中文提供：
2
参考中文标题：
的影响，技术条件的X射线成像的可重复性和精度的数字电脑辅助X射线radiogrammetry （ DXR ） 。
作者单位：
Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Bachstrasse 18, 07740 Jena, Germany. ansgar.malich@med.uni-jena.de
PMID及链接：
15480639 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15480639
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reproducibility of imaging and analysis for bone mineral density (BMD) determination using digital computer-assisted X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR; Pronosco X-posure, version V.2, Sectra Pronosco, Denmark); to verify potential factors that influence BMD extrapolation such as tube voltage, film-focus distance (FFD), film quality and brand (Kodak T-MAT-Plus, Konika SRH, Agfa Scopix), imaging technology (conventional, digital), imaging system (Kodak, Agfa) and exposure level (mAs); and to clarify whether DXR analysis based on printouts of digital images is comparable to analysis of conventional images. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: The hand of a cadaver was X-rayed using varied parameters: 4-8 mAs, 40-52 kV, 90-130 cm FFD. Radiographs under standardised conditions were performed 10 times using a conventional machine (Philips Super 80 CP) and the printouts of a digital system (Digital Diagnost Philips Optimus) for the analysis of reproducibility. One image was scanned and analysed 10 times additionally for imaging reproducibility. RESULTS: Reliability error of the system for the imaging process using conventional radiographs-rays was 0.49% (standard conditions: 6 mAs, 40 kV, 1 m FFD), using printouts of digital images was 2.89% (4 mAs, 42 kV, 1 m FFD) and regarding the analysis process was 0.22%. BMD calculation is not affected by alterations in FFD (precision error 1.21%), mAs (0.83%) or film quality/brand (0.38%), but differs significantly depending on tube voltage (2.70%). The system was not able to analyse conventional images with tube voltages of 49/52 kV. CONCLUSION: DXR technology is stable with most of the tested parameters. Normative data should exclusively be used for calculations using similar tube voltage or correction factors. All other parameters had no significant influence on the BMD calculation. Reproducibility is high. For technical reasons it is not recommended to use the printouts of digital images for BMD determination.
参考中文摘要：
目的：评价重复性的成像和分析骨密度（ BMD ）测定使用数字电脑辅助X射线radiogrammetry （ DXR ; Pronosco的X暴露，版本五.2 ， Sectra Pronosco ，丹麦） ;核实潜在因素影响骨密度推断，如管电压，电影重点距离（筹资） ，电影的质量和品牌（柯达的T席另外， Konika保健和生殖保健，爱克发Scopix ） ，成像技术（传统，数码） ，成像系统（柯达，爱克发）和暴露水平（马来西亚） ;和澄清是否DXR分析的基础上打印数字图像的分析是比较常规的图像。设计与患者：在手的尸体被X光检查使用不同的参数： 4月8日马斯40-52千伏， 90-130厘米筹资。 X光片的标准条件下进行了10次使用的是常规机（飞利浦超级80处长）和打印数字系统（数字Diagnost飞利浦Optimus的） ，以便分析重现。一个图像扫描和分析，另外的10倍成像重现。结果：可靠性错误的系统的成像过程中使用传统的X光射线是0.49 ％ （标准条件： 6更多， 40千伏， 1米筹资） ，使用打印的数码图像是2.89 ％ （ 4更多， 42千伏， 1米筹资）和有关分析过程为0.22 ％ 。骨密度计算不会受到改变，发展筹资（精度误差1.21 ％ ） ，马航（ 0.83 ％ ）或电影质量/品牌（ 0.38 ％ ） ，但差别很大取决于管电压（ 2.70 ％ ） 。该系统是无法分析的图像与常规管千伏电压49/52号决议。结论： DXR技术是稳定的大部分测试参数。规范性的数据应当专门用于计算使用类似管电压或更正因素。所有其他参数没有显着影响骨密度的计算方法。重复性高。由于技术原因不建议使用打印输出的数字图像进行骨密度测定。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2004 Dec ,33 (12) :698-703
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3
参考中文标题：
磁共振成像的手腕在类风湿关节炎：示范进展1至6年。
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, Auckland Hospital, Private Bag 92024, Auckland, New Zealand. neals@adhb.govt.nz
PMID及链接：
15490160 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15490160
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To describe the changes seen in the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging obtained at 1 year and 6 years. DESIGN: A cohort of patients with RA has been studied prospectively from symptom onset. PATIENTS: MR scans of the dominant wrist in 31 patients obtained at 1 year and 6 years were compared for bone erosions, marrow signal change (oedema), synovial thickness and tenosynovitis. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients had an increase in erosion score in the interval and three patients showed a decrease in erosion score suggesting erosion healing. Fourteen patients had an increase in oedema score in the interval and eight patients had a decrease in oedema score. Synovial thickness increased in 13 patients and decreased in eight. Tenosynovitis increased in 15 patients and decreased in five. Bone erosions developed immediately adjacent to the tenosynovitis in two patients. CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging is useful in following the progress of bone erosions, marrow oedema, synovitis and tenosynovitis in RA.
参考中文摘要：
目的：描述的变化出现在手腕类风湿关节炎（ RA ）的磁共振（先生）成像获得1年和6年。设计：队列的RA患者进行了研究前瞻性从发病。患者：磁共振扫描中占主导地位的手腕31例获得1年和6年，比较了骨侵蚀，骨髓信号的变化（水肿） ，滑膜厚度和腱鞘炎。结果： 22例已增加侵蚀评分的间隔和3例减少侵蚀评分表明侵蚀愈合。 14例增加了水肿评分的间隔和8例，减少水肿评分。滑膜厚度增加13例，并减少了8 。腱鞘炎增加15例，下降5 。骨糜烂发达国家紧邻腱鞘炎2例。结论：磁共振成像是有用的进展情况后，骨侵蚀，骨髓水肿，结节性滑膜炎和腱鞘炎在RA 。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2004 Dec ,33 (12) :704-11
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4
参考中文标题：
体外震波治疗钙化性肌腱炎的肩膀上。
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, Bethanien Krankenhaus, Im Pruefling 23, 60389 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. j.peters@em.uni-frankfurt.de
PMID及链接：
15480643 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15480643
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical (pain, mobility) and radiological (resolution of calcium deposits) efficacy of different energy levels of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: There were 90 study subjects with radiographically verified calcific tendinitis of one shoulder, mean age 52+/-6 years (range 29-65 years; females:males=55:35), all of whom had had symptoms for at least 6 months and substantial restriction of shoulder mobility and pain that required taking anti-inflammatory drugs. Calcium deposits were of type I or type II (clearly circumscribed and dense) and ranged from 1 cm to 3 cm in diameter. Subjects were divided into three groups to receive ESWT at one of two energy levels (E1=0.15 mJ/mm2, E2=0.44 mJ/mm2) or sham treatment. Treatment was given at 6 weekly intervals until symptoms resolved, five treatments had been given or the subject dropped out of the programme. RESULTS: All subjects in groups E1 and E2 completed the programme. Those in group E1 had significantly less pain during treatment but more treatments than those in group E2, and at 6 month follow-up had residual calcification and recurrence of pain (87%). Subjects in group E2 had no residual calcification or recurrence of pain. Sham treatment had no effect. There were no side effects except a small number of haematomas (2 in E1, 6 in E2; maximum size 2 cm). CONCLUSION: ESWT in calcific tendinitis of the shoulder is very effective. It does not have significant side effects at an energy level of E=0.44 mJ/mm2, which can therefore be recommended.
参考中文摘要：
目的：探讨临床（疼痛，移动）和放射性（第钙存款）效力不同能量水平的体外冲击波疗法（ ESWT ）在肌腱钙化的肩膀上。设计与患者：有90个研究对象与肌腱钙化X线证实的肩膀上，平均年龄52 + / -6岁（范围29-65岁;女性：男性= 55:35 ） ，所有这些人都已经出现在至少6个月和大量的限制，流动性和肩部疼痛，需要考虑体抗炎药。钙存款I型或II型（明确限定和密集） ，并从1厘米至3厘米的直径。受试者分为3组收到ESWT在两个能级（素E1 = 0.15 mJ/mm2 ，素E2 = 0.44 mJ/mm2 ）或假的待遇。治疗是在6周的间隔，直至症状解决，五年的治疗已获得或辍学问题的方案。结果：所有受试者在E1和E2组完成了方案。这些素E1组已显着低于治疗期间疼痛，但更多的治疗组相比E2 ，并在6个月的后续残留钙化及复发的疼痛（ 87 ％ ） 。学科组素E2没有残留钙化或复发的痛苦。深水治疗是没有效果的。有没有副作用除少量血肿（ 2的素E1 ， 6素E2 ;最大尺寸2厘米） 。结论： ESWT在肌腱钙化的肩膀是非常有效的。它不会有一定的副作用在能级的E = 0.44 mJ/mm2 ，它因此可以建议。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2004 Dec ,33 (12) :712-8
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5
参考中文标题：
精度的平片，和影响的经验，在评估踝关节积液。
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 111 S. 11th Street Suite 3390, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
PMID及链接：
15378290 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15378290
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of plain radiographs, and the effect of observer experience, in the assessment of ankle effusions compared with an MRI gold standard. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of the ankle of 39 patients were evaluated by four observers, ranging from first-year radiology resident to an attending musculoskeletal radiologist. Observers independently graded the lateral films from 0 to 5 at one sitting, and the AP films at a second sitting. All patients had an MRI scan performed within 48 h of the ankle radiographs, on which distention of the anterior recess was used as the gold standard for an effusion. RESULTS: Lateral radiographs had variable sensitivity (range 17-63%), but specificity (81-94%) was usually high. AP radiographs similarly had variable sensitivity (15-55%), but their specificity (63-75%) was surprisingly good. Overall, sensitivity and specificity were inversely proportional and more related to individual variability than experience (observer 1, 53% and 81%; observer 2, 17% and 94%; observer 3, 63% and 88%; observer 4, 21% and 94%); however, individual sensitivity and specificity were consistent between AP and lateral radiographs (observer 1, 53% and 81%, 50% and 65%; observer 2, 17% and 94%, 15% and 75%), observer 3, 63% and 88%, 55% and 63%; observer 4, 21% and 94%, 25% and 70%). Positive predictive value was reasonably good for lateral radiographs (range 75-86%); however, it was fairly low for AP radiographs (38-61%). Negative predictive value was low for both lateral (50-67%) and AP (47-58%) radiographs. Accuracy was low for both AP (45-59%) and lateral (53-74%) radiographs. As expected, individual accuracy was consistently higher for lateral radiographs than for AP radiographs (observer 1, 65% and 58%; observer 2, 53% and 45%; observer 3, 74% and 59%; observer 4, 54% and 48%). CONCLUSIONS: For the diagnosis of ankle effusions the overall accuracy of radiographs was surprisingly low. Quite surprisingly, the diagnosis of effusions on AP radiographs was not much poorer than on lateral films. Results, however, varied little with experience and training.
参考中文摘要：
目的：研究的准确性， X线，和观察员的作用的经验，在评估踝关节积液的MRI相比黄金标准。设计与患者：前后（ AP ）和侧面X光片的踝关节的39例患者进行了4个观察员，从第一年的放射驻地出席肌肉骨骼放射。独立观察员的横向电影分级从0到5日在一次会议，以及美国电影在第二次会议。所有患者接受了核磁共振扫描内进行48小时的脚踝X光片上，腹胀前休会被用来作为黄金标准的积液。结果：侧线已经变灵敏度（范围17-63 ％ ） ，但特异性（ 81-94 ％ ） ，通常很高。美联社片同样有变灵敏度（ 15-55 ％ ） ，但其特殊性（ 63-75 ％ ）是令人惊讶的好。总体而言，敏感性和特异性分别成反比，更相关的个体变异比经验（观察员1 ， 53 ％和81 ％ ;观察员2 ， 17 ％和94 ％ ;观察员3 ， 63 ％和88 ％ ;观察员4 ， 21 ％和94 ％ ） ;但是，个人的敏感性和特异性，是一致的和横向之间美联社片（观察员1 ， 53 ％和81 ％ ， 50 ％和65 ％ ;观察员2 ， 17 ％和94 ％ ， 15 ％和75 ％ ） ，观察员3 ， 63 ％和88 ％ ， 55 ％和63 ％ ;观察员4 ， 21 ％和94 ％ ， 25 ％和70 ％ ） 。阳性预测值是相当不错的横向片（范围75-86 ％ ） ;但是，它相当低的日线（ 38-61 ％ ） 。阴性预测值低横向（ 50-67 ％ ）和AP （ 47-58 ％ ） ， X光片。精度低两个电（ 45-59 ％ ）和横向（ 53-74 ％ ） ， X光片。正如预期的那样，个人精度较高一贯的横向比对美联社片片（观察员1 ， 65 ％和58 ％ ;观察员2 ， 53 ％和45 ％ ;观察员3 ， 74 ％和59 ％ ;观察员4 ， 54 ％和48 ％ ） 。结论：诊断踝关节积液整体准确性片是惊人的低。很奇怪的是，诊断积液对AP片不是更穷，而不是横向电影。结果，然而，变化不大的经验和培训。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2004 Dec ,33 (12) :719-24
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6
参考中文标题：
前骨化中心：正常CT ， MRI表现在滑车。
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. vchapman@partners.org
PMID及链接：
15322770 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15322770
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摘 要：
The pre-ossification center represents the initial structural change in the development of the secondary ossification center. We report CT and MRI findings of a focus in the cartilaginous trochlea of an appropriately aged child compatible with the pre-ossification center.
参考中文摘要：
前骨化中心代表了最初的结构变化发展的二次骨化中心。我们报告CT和MRI表现，重点软骨滑车在适当的年龄的儿童符合前骨化中心。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2004 Dec ,33 (12) :725-7
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7
参考中文标题：
包封的髋臼唇下列减少创伤性髋关节脱位的儿童。
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea Uijongbu St. Mary's Hospital, 65-1 Kumoh-Dong, Uijongbu, Kyunggi-Do 480-130, Korea.
PMID及链接：
15558278 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15558278
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摘 要：
In traumatic hip dislocation, concentric reduction can be prevented by various causes. Soft-tissue interposition, such as entrapment of the acetabular labrum, is a rare but important cause of failed reduction of a hip. Early diagnosis of incomplete reduction due to interposition of soft tissue is important, because delayed treatment is associated with a greater incidence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and early onset of osteoarthritis. This report describes a case of acetabular labral entrapment following reduction of traumatic hip dislocation in a child. The importance of CT and MRI in arriving at an early diagnosis is emphasized.
参考中文摘要：
外伤性髋关节脱位，同心减少是可以预防的各种原因。软组织干预，如压迫的髋臼唇，是一种罕见的，但重要原因未能减少臀部。不完整的早期诊断干预减少由于软组织很重要，因为延误治疗，会发生更大的缺血性坏死的股骨头和早发骨性关节炎。本报告描述的情况下髋臼labral包封减少创伤性髋关节脱位的儿童。的重要性， CT和MRI在达成早期诊断的重要性。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2004 Dec ,33 (12) :728-31
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8
参考中文标题：
Biphosphonate诱导影像变化两例小儿风湿性疾病。
作者单位：
Magnetic Resonance Department, Hospital Santa Lucia, Brasilia DF, Brazil.
PMID及链接：
15309334 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15309334
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摘 要：
Biphosphonates are now being used experimentally in children to increase bone mass, but their long-term effects remain an issue of concern. We report two cases of biphosphonate-induced radiographic changes in children with rheumatic diseases. Our experience supports the view that clinical improvement and radiographic findings after biphosphonate therapy are related to increased bone mineral density, without effects on the inflammatory process itself. Biphosphonates seem to act in rheumatic diseases by reducing bone turnover instead of improving disease activity.
参考中文摘要：
Biphosphonates现在正在使用中的儿童的实验，增加骨量，但其长期影响仍然是一个令人关注的问题。我们报告两例biphosphonate诱导影像变化在儿童风湿性疾病。我们的经验支持这样的观点，临床和影像学表现改善biphosphonate治疗后，有关增加骨密度，不会影响到炎症进程本身。 Biphosphonates似乎行为风湿性疾病的骨转换率降低而不是提高疾病活动。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2004 Dec ,33 (12) :732-6
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9
参考中文标题：
Apophysitis的坐骨结节模仿肿瘤的磁共振成像。
作者单位：
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan. yamatetu@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
PMID及链接：
15205927 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15205927
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摘 要：
We present multimodality imaging features of an ischial tuberosity apophysitis in a 13-year-old boy who was an active baseball pitcher. Roentgenography of the pelvis and computed tomography showed mild irregularity in the inferior margin of the left ischial tuberosity. T1-weighted MRI showed a wide area with low signal intensity in the left ischial body; T2-weighted fat-suppression images showed areas with markedly high signal intensity in the ischial apophysis and body and the surrounding periosteum; contrast-enhanced T1-weighted fat-suppression MRI showed that the ischial body, surrounding periosteum, and origin of the hamstring muscles strongly enhanced; technetium-99m scintigraphic scans showed increased isotope uptake in the entire ischial body. Histological specimens obtained from the bone showed increased osteoblastic activity, edema, and proliferation of benign spindle cells and small vessels in the bone marrow spaces. In the present case, because MR imaging demonstrated extensive signal abnormalities involving the apophysis, periosteum, and intramedullary portion of bone, a neoplasm could not be excluded, and a biopsy was undertaken.
参考中文摘要：
我们目前的综合影像学特征的坐骨结节apophysitis在一个13岁的男孩谁积极棒球投手。 X线摄影的骨盆计算机断层扫描显示轻度不规则的下缘左坐骨结节。 T1加权MRI显示大面积的低信号强度在左侧坐骨机构; T2加权脂肪抑制图像显示领域的显着高信号强度的坐骨隆起和身体及周围骨膜;增强T1加权脂肪抑制MRI检查显示，坐骨机构，周围骨膜，和原产地的腿筋肌肉强烈增强;鎝- 99m核素扫描显示增加同位素吸收在整个坐骨机构。病理标本显示，从骨髓成骨细胞活性增加，水肿，和扩散的良性梭形细胞和小血管骨髓空格。在目前情况下，由于磁共振成像显示出广泛的信号异常涉及隆起，骨膜和骨内的部分，一个肿瘤不能排除，并进行活检。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2004 Dec ,33 (12) :737-40
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PubMed Google学术搜索 Google引文
中文提供：
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参考中文标题：
磁共振成像演示颈椎炎和远端全长双边椎旁脓肿成功治疗感冒的药物疗法只。
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Maras, 65200 Cad Van, Turkey. ozkan_unal@hotmail.com
PMID及链接：
15503013 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15503013
全文链接：
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: Cold abscesses, although common in spinal tuberculosis, are usually localized to the level of infection, follow tissue planes, and may extend into the spinal canal at any level. They may cause symptoms resulting from neurovascular compression, hemorrhage, and direct mass effect. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: We present an unusual case of cervical tuberculous spondylodiscitis in a 25-year old man with a cold abscesses involving the retropharyngeal, mediastinal, and retroperitoneal areas bilaterally. The abscess tracked from the neck to the psoas muscles bilaterally. Following the diagnosis the patient received 9 months of antituberculous therapy. RESULTS: MRI showed resolution on medical treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS: Even in the presence of massive paravertebral cold abscesses medical treatment alone may well suffice for this common worldwide disorder. MRI is ideal for monitoring regression of massive abscesses in deep anatomical locations.
参考中文摘要：
目的：冷脓肿，但常见于脊柱结核，通常是局部的水平感染，后续组织的飞机，并可能延伸到椎管在任何级别。他们可能会导致神经症状产生的压缩，出血，直接影响群众。设计与患者：我们本不寻常的案件颈椎结核炎在25岁的男子与冷战涉及咽后脓肿，纵隔，腹膜后地区和双边。脓肿追踪从颈部肌肉的腰肌双边。经过诊断的病人接受9个月的抗结核治疗。结果： MRI显示决议医疗单独。结论：即使存在大规模椎旁脓肿治疗感冒很可能不足以单独为这个共同的全球障碍。 MRI是理想的监测回归的大规模深部脓肿的解剖位置。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2004 Dec ,33 (12) :741-3
相关链接：
PubMed Google学术搜索 Google引文
中文提供：
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