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1
参考中文标题：
磁共振成像肘关节在棒球投手。 [审查] [ 41参]
作者单位：
Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 6046, Boston, MA 02114, USA. haouellette@partners.org
PMID及链接：
17805531 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/17805531
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摘 要：
Baseball pitcher throwing biomechanics are important to understanding the pathophysiology and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearances of injuries in baseball pitchers. Baseball pitchers experience repetitive excessive valgus forces at the elbow. Typical injuries are secondary to medial joint distraction, lateral joint compression, and rotatory forces at the olecranon. MR imaging is useful for evaluation of the elbow in baseball pitchers. [References: 41]
参考中文摘要：
棒球投手投掷生物力学是重要的病理生理的了解和磁共振（先生）影像学表现在棒球投手受伤。棒球投手的经验反复过度外翻部队肘部。典型的伤害是次要的内侧联合分心，横向联合压缩和旋转部队在鹰嘴。磁共振成像是有用的评价肘关节的棒球投手。 [参考文献： 41 ]
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Feb ,37 (2) :115-21
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2
参考中文标题：
强直性脊柱炎治疗监测的动态对比增强和弥散加权磁共振成像。
作者单位：
Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia. ngaspersic@yahoo.com
PMID及链接：
18034343 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/18034343
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: The effects of different therapies on enthesitis/osteitis in active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim was to assess the role of quantitative MRI in the evaluation of AS treatment efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with active spondylitis or bilateral sacroiliitis were selected and followed up for 1 year. Ten of the patients were treated only with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 10 patients additionally received at baseline an intravenous pulse of glucocorticoids and 10 patients were treated with regular infusions of infliximab. Disease activity was measured according to clinical instruments and laboratory tests. For each patient, one selected inflamed lesion was followed from baseline through control visits quantitatively by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and by dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCEI) with evaluation of the enhancement factor (f(enh)) and enhancement gradient (g(enh)). RESULTS: Clinical and quantitative MRI parameters diminished significantly with regression of the inflammatory activity. The improvement in AS was most pronounced in patients treated with infliximab; after 12 months the ADC diminished from an average of 1.31 to 0.88 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s, f(enh) from 1.85 to 0.60, and g(enh) from 3.09 to 1.40 %/s. CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted imaging and DCEI were shown to be effective in quantifying changes in inflammation in skeletal lesions during the treatment of AS, and could therefore be convenient for assessing treatment efficacy. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time DWI was used to evaluate the activity of skeletal inflammation in rheumatic diseases such as AS.
参考中文摘要：
目的：不同疗法对附着/性骨炎积极强直性脊柱炎（ AS ）的评价磁共振成像（ MRI ） 。这样做的目的是评估的作用，定量MRI在评价治疗效果。材料与方法： 30例脊柱或双边积极选择和骶髂关节炎随访1年。 10个例只与非甾体抗炎药，另外10例接受静脉基线脉搏和10例糖皮质激素治疗，定期注射英。疾病活动是根据临床测量仪器和实验室测试。对于每一个病人，一个选定的发炎病变随后从基线通过控制访问定量弥散加权成像（ DWI ）测量表观弥散系数（ ADC ）和动态增强成像（ DCEI ）与评价的增强因子（女（增强子） ）和增强梯度（克（增强子） ） 。结果：临床和数量大为减少磁共振成像参数与回归的炎症活动。的改善，这是最明显昔单抗治疗后12个月的ADC降低从平均1.31至0.88 × 10 （ -3 ）毫米（ 2 ） / s的，男（增强子）由1.85至0.60 ，和G （增强子）由3.09至1.40 ％ /秒结论：弥散加权成像和DCEI表明是有效的量化变化炎症的骨骼病变治疗过程中，因为，因此可以方便的，以评估治疗效果。以我们所知这是第一次成像是用来评价活动骨骼炎症的风湿性疾病，如为。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Feb ,37 (2) :123-31
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3
参考中文标题：
影像学特征暗示一个连体神经根的MRI常规轴。
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeongi-do 463-707 South Korea.
PMID及链接：
18087746 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/18087746
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to evaluate imaging features suggestive of a conjoined nerve root on routine axial MRI. METHODS: Two radiologists and two surgeons retrospectively reviewed the MRI of three cases in which a conjoined nerve root was discovered during operation and found three suggestive signs on routine axial MR images: "corner" (asymmetric morphology of the anterolateral corner of the dural sac), "fat crescent" (intervening extradural fat between the asymmetric dura and the nerve root), and "parallel" signs (visualization of the entire parallel course of the nerve root at the disc level). Two radiologists prospectively found these signs during routine MRI interpretation sessions over a period of 6 months. If one or a combination of signs were noted on axial MR images, contiguous axial scans were additionally obtained. Three cases that were previously found during operations were also included. Prevalence and confidence scores for each sign were assessed on axial T1- and T2-weighted images. RESULTS: Twelve patients showed one or a combination of the three signs, 9 had contiguous axial MR scans. Five cases were confirmed by operation. The prevalence of the corner, fat crescent, and parallel signs were 12 out of 12 (100%), 6 out of 12 (50%), and 8 out of 12 (67.7%) on axial T1-weighted images. The overall diagnostic confidence was higher on T1- than on T2-weighted images (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: On routine axial L-spine MRI, corner, fat crescent, and parallel signs are suggestive of and assist in the recognition of a conjoined nerve root.
参考中文摘要：
目的：我们的研究，以评估影像学特征暗示一个连体神经根的MRI常规轴。方法：放射科和两名外科医生的MRI回顾性的三起案件中一名连体神经根被发现在操作过程中，发现三个迹象暗示常规轴向磁共振图像： “角落” （非对称形态前角落硬膜囊） “脂肪新月” （干预硬膜外脂肪之间的不对称性硬脑膜和神经根） ，和“平行”的迹象（可视化并行的整个过程中神经根在椎间盘水平） 。两个放射前瞻性发现这些症状在常规MRI解释会超过6个月内。如果一个或一组标志，指出轴向磁共振图像，连续轴向扫描此外获得。三起案件发现，以前在行动中也包括在内。流行和信心分数分别为每个注册评估轴向T1的和T2加权图像。结果： 12例显示一个或一组的三个标志，已连续9轴向磁共振扫描。 5例经手术证实。流行的角落，脂肪会，和并行体征12 12 （ 100 ％ ） ， 6个12 （ 50 ％ ） ，和第8的12个（ 67.7 ％ ）的轴向T1加权图像。总的诊断信心较高在T1比T2加权图像（ P “ 0.05 ） 。结论：常规轴向L型脊柱磁共振角落，脂肪会，和并行迹象暗示，并协助承认连体神经根。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Feb ,37 (2) :133-8
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4
参考中文标题：
诊断准确率和cineradiography X线诊断创伤性舟月分离。
作者单位：
Department of Hand Surgery, Replantation Surgery, and Microsurgery, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Strasse 7, 12683 Berlin, Germany.
PMID及链接：
18087747 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/18087747
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: Missed tears of the scapholunate ligament (SLL) and scapholunate dissociation (SLD) after wrist injuries pose a high risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the carpus. Plain X-rays and dynamic radiographic studies are frequently used for initial diagnostic work-up. Given the limited evidence of their accuracy, we retrospectively compared the radiographic findings of patients with suspected traumatic SLD with wrist arthroscopy as the accepted reference standard. DESIGN AND METHODS: During a 6-year period, plain radiographs and DSA cineradiography scans were obtained from 198 patients who had sustained a hyperextension injury to their hand. Of those, 102 (72 men, 30 women, mean age of 42+/-12 years) subsequently underwent diagnostic arthroscopy. Digital images were reevaluated by experienced radiologists unaware of the arthroscopic findings for the presence or absence of SLD. We calculated the sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and computed areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC/ROC). RESULTS: Arthroscopy revealed 42 SLL ruptures, 13, 10, and 19 of which were classified as grade I (partial), II (complete with dynamic instability), or III (complete with static instability) respectively. Plain radiographs correctly identified 24 injuries (SN 57.1%, 95% CI 41.0-72.3%), and produced 1 false-positive result (SP 98.3%, 95% CI 91.1-100.0%). The scapholunate distance and the SL angle contributed independently to the diagnostic variance, with an AUC/ROC of 85.7% (95% CI 76.8-92.2%). Cineradiography had a sensitivity of 36 out of 42 (85.7%, 95% CI 71.5-94.6%), and a specificity of 57 out of 60 (95.0%, 95% CI 86.1-99.0%). CONCLUSION: Pathological results on plain radiographs and cineradiography reliably indicate the presence of SLD after wrist trauma. Although non-conclusive, a negative dynamic study markedly reduces the pre-test probability of disease. Both methods remain key elements of primary diagnostic strategies for suspected traumatic SLD, and may facilitate the selection of additional tests.
参考中文摘要：
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Feb ,37 (2) :139-45
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5
参考中文标题：
经皮射频消融：探针之间的关系不同类型和程序的时间长度和范围，狗骨坏死的长骨。
作者单位：
Departamento de Diagnostico por Imagen, Fundacion Hospital Alcorcon, Avda. de Budapest s/n, 28922 Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain. jmartel@fhalcorcon.es
PMID及链接：
18038230 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/18038230
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摘 要：
PURPOSE: We have been using radiofrequency ablation for the percutaneous treatment of osteoid osteoma since 2001. Frequently, lesions are located near the joint surface, involve the vertebral body or are close to major nerves. We seek to determine whether radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be used safely in these cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 65 lesions were induced in 4 dogs. Each dog underwent RFA on the diaphysis of long bones, as well as femoral and humeral heads. Four different sessions were carried out by using 1- and 2-cm probes with or without a cool-tip system and by varying the timing of the procedure. Plain film, CT, and MRI were obtained. All bone samples were examined histologically. RESULTS: The dogs' activity after the procedure was normal. No pathologic fractures occurred despite unrestricted activity of the animals. Cortical bone was always respected; therefore, articular cartilage has not been damaged. Radiological findings were characteristic. There were no significant differences in lesion size, probe type, and the duration of the procedure. The mean lesion diameter perpendicular to the electrode was 18.5 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms the insulative effect of cortical bone. RFA can be safely performed close to the joint surface without damaging the cartilage.
参考中文摘要：
目的：我们一直在使用射频消融治疗的皮骨样骨瘤自2001年以来。通常情况下，病变是位于关节面，涉及椎体或接近主要神经。我们力求以确定是否射频消融（ RFA ）可以安全使用在这些情况下。材料与方法：共有65例，诱导4狗。每个狗进行消融的骨干长骨，以及股骨和肱骨头。四种不同的会议上进行了使用1 - 2厘米的探针或不冷循环系统和不同的时间程序。平片， CT和MRI检查，获得。所有样品进行了分析骨组织学。结果：狗的活动后，程序是正常的。无病理性骨折发生尽管无限制活动的动物。皮质骨始终尊重;因此，关节软骨没有损坏。放射性调查结果的特点。目前还没有显着差异病灶大小，探测器类型和期限的程序。平均病灶直径垂直于电极为18.5毫米。结论：本研究证实了绝缘皮质骨的影响。射频消融可以安全地进行接近关节面不损坏的软骨组织。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Feb ,37 (2) :147-52
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6
参考中文标题：
异常的轴向和近端四肢骨骼成人福克斯体育电视网综合症（生长激素不敏感） 。
作者单位：
Imaging Department, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tiqwa 49202, Israel. korn@netvision.net.il
PMID及链接：
17992526 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/17992526
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To investigate abnormalities in the skeleton (with the exclusion of the skull, cervical spine, hands and feet) in patients with Laron syndrome, who have an inborn growth hormone resistance and congenital insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: The study group was composed of 15 untreated patients with Laron syndrome (seven male and eight female) aged 21-68 years. Plain films of the axial and appendicular skeleton were evaluated retrospectively for abnormalities in structure and shape. The cortical width of the long bones was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively (in the upper humerus and mid-femur), and the cortical index was calculated and compared with published references. Measurements were taken of the mid-anteroposterior and cranio-caudal diameters of the vertebral body and spinous process at L3, the interpedicular distance at L1 and L5, and the sacral slope. Thoracic and lumbar osteophytes were graded on a 5-point scale. Values were compared with a control group of 20 healthy persons matched for age. RESULTS: The skeleton appeared small in all patients. No signs of osteopenia were visible. The cortex of the long bones appeared thick in the upper limbs in 11 patients and in the lower limbs in four. Compared with the reference values, the cortical width was thicker than average in the humerus and thinner in the femur. The vertebral diameters at L3 and the interpedicular distances at L1 and L5 were significantly smaller in the patients than in the control subjects (P<0.001); however, at L5 the canal was wider, relative to the vertebral body. The study group had a higher rate of anterior osteophytes in the lumbar spine than the controls had, and their osteophytes were also significantly larger. In the six patients for whom radiographs of the upper extremity in its entirety were available on one film, the ulna appeared to be rotated. In one 22-year-old man, multiple epiphyses were still open. CONCLUSION: Congenital IGF-1 deficiency leads to skeletal abnormalities characterized by small bones, narrow spinal canal, and delayed bone age. The limitation in elbow distensibility common to patients with Laron syndrome may be related to a marked retroversion of the humeral head.
参考中文摘要：
目的：探讨异常骨架（但不包括头骨，颈椎，手和脚）患者的福克斯体育电视网综合征，谁拥有先天生长激素抵抗和先天性胰岛素样生长因子-1 （ IGF - 1的）缺乏症。设计与患者：研究小组由15个未经处理的患者福克斯体育电视网综合症（七男八女）年龄21-68岁。平片的轴向和四肢骨骼进行了评价性的异常结构和形状。皮质宽度的长骨的定性和定量评价（在上肱骨和中期股骨）和皮质指数计算，并与出版参考。测量被带到中期前后和颅尾直径椎体和棘突在三楼的interpedicular距离单人房和L5 ，以及骶斜坡。胸腰椎osteophytes的等级在5分制。值与对照组的20名健康者的年龄相匹配。结果：小骨架似乎所有患者。没有迹象表明有明显的骨质疏松。皮质的长骨出现厚在上肢11例和下肢四个。与参考值，皮层厚宽比平均在肱骨和更薄的股骨。椎直径在L3和距离的interpedicular在一楼和L5明显较小的患者比对照组（ P “ 0.001 ） ;然而，在腰5运河是更广泛，相对椎体。研究小组率较高的前osteophytes腰椎比控制了，他们osteophytes也大得多。在36例人片上肢的全部有关于一个电影，尺骨似乎旋转。在一个22岁的男子，多骨骺仍然开放。结论：先天性IGF - 1的不足导致骨骼畸形的特点是小骨头，椎管狭窄，并推迟骨龄。的限制，肘扩张共同的福克斯体育电视网综合征患者可能与显着retroversion的肱骨头。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Feb ,37 (2) :153-60
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中文提供：
7
参考中文标题：
比较动态超声和放射学评估应力下肩关节松弛无症状肩上。
作者单位：
Department of Orthopaedic & Accident Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
PMID及链接：
18030465 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/18030465
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of agreement between dynamic ultrasound imaging and stress radiography used for the measurement of inferior glenohumeral laxity in asymptomatic shoulders, and to determine the repeatability of the dynamic ultrasound technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a custom-made stress device to apply an inferior displacement force of 90 N, we assessed 20 asymptomatic male subjects for inferior glenohumeral laxity, using stress radiography and dynamic ultrasound. Paired differences between the two methods were evaluated by the 95% limits of agreement method. At a separate session, 19 subjects had inferior glenohumeral laxity assessed by two observers, using dynamic ultrasound. Inter- and intra-observer repeatability was determined for the ultrasound technique. RESULTS: The mean [(+/-standard deviation (SD)] inferior translation was 4.7+/-4.1 mm by stress radiography and 4.4+/-2.3 mm by dynamic ultrasound. The 95% limits of agreement showed good agreement between the two methods. The paired difference between the two measurement methods varied with the magnitude of the measurement (P<0.001). Intra-observer repeatability of dynamic ultrasound was determined by the use of intra-class correlation coefficients and was 0.94 and 0.89 for the two investigators. Inter-observer repeatability was 0.85. The standard error of the measurement was 0.60 mm and 0.66 mm, for repeated measurements by the two investigators, and 0.85 mm between investigators. Repeatability coefficients demonstrated excellent consistency of measurement between sessions and good consistency between observers. CONCLUSION: Dynamic ultrasound is a valid and reproducible method for the assessment and quantification of inferior glenohumeral laxity.
参考中文摘要：
目的：确定水平之间的协议的动态超声显像和应力摄影用于测量低劣盂不严无症状的肩膀上，并确定可重复性的动态超声技术。材料与方法：利用特制的装置，适用于压力劣势流离失所武力90氮，我们评估20无症状男性受试者的下盂不严，使用应力X线和动态超声。成对差异的两种方法进行评估的95 ％限额的协议的方法。在一个单独的会议上，有19个科目下肩关节松弛评估两名观察员，使用动态超声。内部和观察员重复性测定的超声波技术。结果：平均[(+/-标准偏差（标准差） ]劣质翻译为4.7 + / -4.1毫米的应力X线摄影和4.4 + / -2.3毫米的动态超声。限额的95 ％的协议，具有良好的两国之间的协议方法。配对两者之间的差额计量方法不同的规模测量（ P “ 0.001 ） 。内部的观察员可重复性的动态超声测定使用内部类和相关系数为0.94和0.89的两名调查员。国际观察员可重复性为0.85 。标准误差的测量0.60毫米和0.66毫米，多次测量的两名调查员和调查员之间0.85毫米。重复性系数表现出良好的一致性测量之间的会议和良好的一致性观察员。结论：动态超声是一个有效的和可复制的方法进行评估和量化下肩关节松弛。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Feb ,37 (2) :161-8
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8
参考中文标题：
脑膜瘤肩胛骨。
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni M. Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain. jllauger@santpau.es
PMID及链接：
18030466 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/18030466
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摘 要：
Meningiomas account for approximately 15% of all intracranial tumors and are the most common non-glial primary tumors of the central nervous system. Most meningiomas are benign neoplasms with characteristic imaging features. Primary extradural meningiomas account for only 1-2% of all meningiomas. They must be differentiated from intradural meningiomas with secondary extradural extension and/or metastases. The vast majority of extradural meningiomas are found in the skull or in the head and neck region. We report on an extremely rare case of primary extradural meningioma that was located in the scapula. The lesion was resected. Radiographic findings and pathologic features are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this form of presentation of an extradural meningioma has not been previously described.
参考中文摘要：
脑膜瘤约占15 ％的颅内肿瘤，是最常见的非胶质原发肿瘤的中枢神经系统。最脑膜瘤是良性肿瘤与特性的图像功能。原发性硬膜外脑膜瘤只占1-2 ％的脑膜瘤。他们必须区分囊内脑膜瘤继发硬膜外延长和/或转移。绝大多数硬膜外脑膜瘤被发现的头骨或在头部和颈部区域。我们的报告是极其罕见的原发性硬膜外脑膜瘤是位于肩胛骨。病灶切除。影像学表现和病理特点进行了讨论。尽我们所知，这种形式的介绍了硬膜外脑膜瘤没有先前描述。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Feb ,37 (2) :169-71
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9
参考中文标题：
Baastrup病（接吻脊柱）证明葡萄糖PET / CT显像。
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, 1100 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98111, USA. Radecl@vmmc.org
PMID及链接：
18087748 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/18087748
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摘 要：
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) is a widely used imaging modality in cancer patients. However, there are many potential non-neoplastic causes of FDG uptake. We report a case of FDG uptake between the spinous processes, secondary to Baastrup's disease. Knowledge of this pattern of uptake is helpful in diagnosing Baastrup's disease and avoiding false-positive diagnoses.
参考中文摘要：
氟-18去氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描（ FDG PET显像/ CT显像）是一种广泛使用的成像方式在癌症患者。然而，有许多潜在的非肿瘤原因FDG摄取。我们报告一例FDG摄取棘突之间的进程，继发Baastrup病。了解这个模式的吸收，有助于诊断Baastrup的疾病，避免假阳性诊断。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Feb ,37 (2) :173-5
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10
参考中文标题：
盂唇骨化和机械限制的联合动议：外表现蜡油骨病。
作者单位：
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. subhasn@ccf.org
PMID及链接：
18030463 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/18030463
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摘 要：
We report a case of a 47-year-old man who presented with progressive loss of motion and pain in the right shoulder. Radiographs of the shoulder demonstrated dense ossification in the glenoid and humeral head with extension into the periarticular soft tissues. CT and MRI scans confirmed the radiographic findings and also revealed ossification of the glenoid labrum. A radiographic diagnosis of melorheostosis, an uncommon benign sclerosing bone dysplasia, was made. Because of the patient's severe symptomatology, he underwent total shoulder arthroplasty. Histological analysis of the resected masses was consistent with melorheostosis with a few areas covered by a cartilage cap. This case illustrates several uncommon but important features of melorheostosis, including mechanical obstruction of joint motion requiring joint replacement, ossification of the glenoid labrum, and cartilage-covering portions of the intra-articular masses, not to be confused with cartilage-producing tumors.
参考中文摘要：
我们报告一例47岁男子谁提出逐步丧失运动和疼痛的右肩。 X光片显示的肩膀致密骨化的关节和肱骨头与扩展到周围的软组织。 CT和MRI扫描证实， X线表现，也显示骨化盂唇。阿蜡油骨病X线诊断，一种罕见的良性硬化骨发育不良，发了言。由于患者的严重症状，他接受全肩关节置换术。组织学分析切除群众符合蜡油骨病与几个领域所涵盖软骨帽。这一案例说明，但一些不常见的重要的特点蜡油骨病，包括机械梗阻的联合动议，要求关节置换，骨化盂唇，和软骨覆盖部分关节内群众，不要混淆软骨产生肿瘤。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Feb ,37 (2) :177-81
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11
参考中文标题：
骨质疏松症的磁共振成像。 [评论] [22参]
作者单位：
Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology, University of California, QB3 Building, 2nd Floor, Suite 203 1700, 4th Street, Campus Box 2520, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. sharmila.majumdar@radiology.ucsf.edu
PMID及链接：
18034342 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/18034342
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Feb ,37 (2) :95-7
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12
参考中文标题：
超声小关节的手和脚：目前的状况。 [修改] [ 48参]
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK. eugene.mcnally@ndos.ox.ac.uk
PMID及链接：
17712556 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/17712556
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摘 要：
The aim of this article was to review the current status of ultrasound imaging of patients with rheumatological disorders of the hands and feet. Ultrasound machines with high-resolution surface probes are readily available in most radiology departments and can be used to address important clinical questions posed by the rheumatologist and sports and rehabilitation physician. There is increasing evidence that ultrasound detects synovitis that is silent to clinical examination. Detection and classification of synovitis and the early detection of bone erosions are important in clinical decision making. Ultrasound has many advantages over other imaging techniques with which it is compared, particularly magnetic resonance. The ability to carry out a rapid assessment of many widely spaced joints, coupled with clinical correlation, the ability to move and stress musculoskeletal structures and the use of ultrasound to guide therapy accurately are principal amongst these. The use of colour flow Doppler studies provides a measure of neovascularisation within the synovial lining of joints and tendons, and within tendons themselves, that is not available with other imaging techniques. Disadvantages compared to MRI include small field of view, poor image presentation, and difficulty in demonstrating cartilage and deep joints in their entirety. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance provides a better measure of capillary permeability and extracellular fluid than does ultrasound. The ability to image simultaneously multiple small joints in the hands and feet and their enhancement characteristics cannot be matched with ultrasound, though future developments in 3-D ultrasound may narrow this gap. Magnetic resonance provides a more uniform and reproducible image for long-term follow-up studies. [References: 48]
参考中文摘要：
这样做的目的是审查文章的现状超声显像病人的rheumatological疾病的手和脚。超声仪器高分辨率表面探头随时可在大多数放射部门，可用于处理重要的临床应用所提出的问题风湿病和体育康复医师。越来越多的证据表明，超声波检测滑膜炎是无声的临床检查。检测和分类滑膜炎和早期发现骨质糜烂是很重要的临床决策。超声具有许多优于其他成像技术与它相比，特别是磁共振。有能力进行快速评估的许多广泛分布关节，加上临床相关性的能力，移动和应力肌肉骨骼结构和使用超声引导治疗的主要准确其中。使用彩色多普勒血流的研究提供了一个衡量neovascularisation内滑膜衬里的关节和肌腱，并在肌腱本身，这是不具备与其他成像技术。缺点相比，磁共振成像包括视野小，差的形象介绍，并展示困难和深刻的关节软骨中的全部内容。增强磁共振提供了一个更好地衡量的毛细血管通透性和细胞外液比超声。图像的能力，同时多个小关节的手和脚和增强特性不能配合超声，但今后的发展三维超声可能缩小这一差距。磁共振提供了一个更加统一和重现图像的长期随访研究。 [参考文献： 48 ]
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Feb ,37 (2) :99-113
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