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1
参考中文标题：
下肢室解剖：临床相关的放射。 [修改] [ 20参]
PMID及链接：
15834722 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15834722
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摘 要：
A thorough understanding of compartmental anatomy is necessary for the radiologist participating in the care of a patient with a lower extremity musculoskeletal malignancy. Localization of tumor to compartment of origin and identification of extracompartmental spread preoperatively are needed to correctly stage a tumor and determine the appropriate surgical management. An understanding of the locations of fascial boundaries, extracompartmental tissues, and neurovascular structures of the thigh and lower leg facilitates this diagnostic process. For the radiologist planning to biopsy a suspicious musculoskeletal lesion, consultation with the referring orthopaedic surgeon is recommended in order to jointly select an appropriate percutaneous biopsy approach. Adequate preprocedural planning ensures selection of an approach which prevents iatrogenic tumor spread beyond the compartment of origin, protects neurovascular structures, and allows complete resection of the biopsy tract and scar at the time of surgical resection without jeopardizing a potential limb-sparing procedure. Cross-sectional anatomic review and case examples demonstrate the importance of a detailed understanding of compartmental anatomy when approaching the patient with a lower extremity musculoskeletal tumor. [References: 20]
参考中文摘要：
透彻了解房室解剖是必要的放射参与照顾病人的下肢肌肉骨骼系统恶性肿瘤。定位肿瘤舱室的原产地和鉴定extracompartmental蔓延术前需要正确阶段的肿瘤，并确定适当的手术治疗。了解地点筋膜边界， extracompartmental组织和神经血管结构的大腿和小腿有利于这一诊断过程。对于放射计划活检可疑的肌肉骨骼损伤，咨询提及整形外科医生的建议，以共同选择适当的穿刺活检的方法。充分preprocedural规划确保选择的办法，防止医源性传播肿瘤以外的舱室的原产地，保护神经血管结构，并允许完整切除活检道和疤痕的时候，手术切除，同时又不损害潜在肢体保留程序。横断面解剖审查和实例证明的重要性，详细了解房室解剖时接近病人的下肢肌肉骨骼肿瘤。 [参考文献： 20 ]
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2005 Jun ,34 (6) :307-13
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2
参考中文标题：
磁共振成像的舟状骨骨不连缺血前，后血管化骨移植术。
PMID及链接：
15834565 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15834565
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearances of chronic nonunion of the scaphoid with proximal pole avascular necrosis before and after insertion of a vascularized bone graft, using computed tomography (CT) as the imaging gold standard. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: A retrospective study was performed involving MR imaging (n=26), CT scans (n=37) and radiographs (n=52) of 13 men (mean age 29 years, age range 20-38 years) with avascular scaphoid nonunion. Avascular necrosis of the scaphoid proximal pole was confirmed intraoperatively (n=13). MR images were acquired preoperatively and following placement of a vascularized bone graft. Scaphoid MR signal characteristics were assessed for evidence of vascular bone graft incorporation and revascularization of the bone marrow of the proximal pole of the scaphoid and compared with the gold standard of CT. Surgical and clinical notes were reviewed with a minimum 3 year imaging and clinical follow-up in all patients. RESULTS: Graft incorporation with revascularization of the proximal pole of the scaphoid was documented in 9 patients (69%). Graft failure with persistent pseudoarthrosis and avascular necrosis of the scaphoid was seen in 4 patients (31%). CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging is useful to determine whether vascularized bone graft incorporation and revascularization of the proximal pole of the scaphoid has occurred in the setting of avascular scaphoid nonunion.
参考中文摘要：
目的：探讨磁共振（先生）影像学表现慢性骨不连的舟状骨近端极股骨头缺血性坏死之前和之后插入血管的骨移植，利用计算机断层扫描（ CT ）的影像学金标准。设计与患者：回顾性研究是涉及磁共振成像（ 26例） ， CT扫描（ 37例）和X光片（ 52例）的13名男子（平均年龄29岁，年龄范围20-38岁）与缺血舟状骨骨不连。缺血性坏死的舟状骨近端极证实术（ 13例） 。磁共振成像术和被收购后放置血管骨移植。舟状骨磁共振信号特征进行评估的证据血管骨移植纳入和血运重建骨髓近端极的舟状骨，并与金标准的CT 。外科和临床记录进行了审查，最低三年成像及临床随访所有患者。结果：移植纳入与心肌血运重建术近端杆位的舟是记载于9例（ 69 ％ ） 。移植失败持续假关节和股骨头缺血性坏死的舟状骨，看到4例（ 31 ％ ） 。结论：磁共振成像是有益的，以确定是否吻合血管的骨移植纳入和血运近端杆位的舟状骨发生缺血的设置舟状骨骨不连。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2005 Jun ,34 (6) :314-20
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3
参考中文标题：
意外发现：病理检查手术切除股骨头。
PMID及链接：
15717199 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15717199
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinically diagnosed disease process but also identify additional, clinically undetected pathologies in femoral heads resected for replacement arthroplasty. DESIGN AND MATERIAL: A retrospective review was carried out of the pathological findings in 460 surgically resected femoral heads. Serial sections were submitted to low-energy fine-detail radiography, then decalcified sections stained by the WHO method were examined. The preoperative clinical and imaging diagnoses were compared with the pathological findings and special interest was placed on assessing the clinical significance of any unexpected, clinically undetected findings. RESULTS: The most common findings included the presence of bone islands (solitary osteomas) and areas of avascular necrosis in addition to the primary joint disease for which the patient underwent surgery. The preoperative symptomatology did not distinguish between the known primary disease and the additional pathological findings. CONCLUSION: Some of the clinically unidentified lesions were of a size that fell below the ability of current clinical investigations to detect. However, the finding of lesions by tissue fine-detail radiography indicates that current, more sensitive clinical imaging techniques may identify them. Careful examination of surgically resected femoral heads is important to ensure that all pathologies are identified and assessed for clinical relevance.
参考中文摘要：
目的：研究临床诊断疾病的进程，而且也识别其他疾病的临床未被发现切除的股骨头置换术。设计和材料：回顾分析进行了病理结果在460例手术切除股骨头。串行部分已提交给低能量细详细照相，然后脱钙部分染色世卫组织法进行了审查。术前临床和影像学诊断与病理结果和特殊利益放在评估的临床意义的任何意料之外的，未被发现的临床结果。结果：最常见的结果包括：骨群岛（孤立骨瘤）和地区的股骨头缺血性坏死除了各国的主要关节病为病人进行手术。术前症状并没有区分已知的主要疾病和额外的病理结果。结论：一些不明身份的临床病灶的大小，低于目前的能力，临床调查发现。然而，发现病变组织细详细照相表明，当前，更敏感的临床成像技术可识别它们。仔细研究手术切除股骨头重要的是要确保所有的病症得到确认和分摊的临床意义。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2005 Jun ,34 (6) :321-8
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4
参考中文标题：
评估骨活检针样本大小，标本的质量和易用性。
PMID及链接：
15761745 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15761745
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there are significant differences in ease of use and quality of samples among several bone biopsy needles currently available. DESIGN: Eight commonly used, commercially available bone biopsy needles of different gauges were evaluated. Each needle was used to obtain five consecutive samples from a lamb lumbar pedicle. Subjective assessment of ease of needle use, ease of sample removal from the needle and sample quality, before and after fixation, was graded on a 5-point scale. The number of attempts necessary to reach a 1 cm depth was recorded. Each biopsy specimen was measured in the gross state and after fixation. RESULTS: The RADI Bonopty 15 g and Kendall Monoject J-type 11 g needles were rated the easiest to use, while the Parallax Core-Assure 11 g and the Bard Ostycut 16 g were rated the most difficult. Parallax Core-Assure and Kendall Monoject needles had the highest quality specimen in the gross state; Cook Elson/Ackerman 14 g and Bard Ostycut 16 g needles yielded the lowest. The MD Tech without Trap-Lok 11 g needle had the highest quality core after fixation, while the Bard Ostycut 16 g had the lowest. There was a significant difference in pre-fixation sample length between needles (P<0.0001), despite acquiring all cores to a standard 1 cm depth. Core length and width decrease in size by an average of 28% and 42% after fixation. CONCLUSION: Bone biopsy needles vary significantly in performance. Detailed knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of different needles is important to make an appropriate selection for each individual's practice.
参考中文摘要：
目的：评估是否存在重大差异的易用性和质量的若干骨标本活检针目前可用。设计： 8常用，商用骨活检针不同的测量仪器进行了评价。每一针是用来获取连续五年样本羔羊腰椎椎弓根。主观评估易于使用针，易于去除样品针和样品的质量，前，后固定，是分级的5分制。企图的人数要达到1厘米深度的记录。每个活检标本总值衡量国家和固定后。结果：拉迪Bonopty 15政和Kendall Monoject J型一十一克针头被评为最容易使用，而视差核心保证十一克和巴德Ostycut一十六克被评为最困难的。视差核心保证和尔莫肯德尔Monoject针头了最高质量的标本总值状态;库克埃尔森/阿克曼十四克和巴德Ostycut 16克针产生了最低。导弹防御技术没有陷阱乐十一克针了最高质量的核心固定后，而巴德Ostycut十六克最低。有显着性差异前固定试样长度之间的针头（ P “ 0.0001 ） ，尽管获得所有核心标准1厘米的深度。核心长度和宽度减少，规模以平均28 ％和42 ％之后，固定。结论：骨髓活检针在性能有很大差异。详细了解的长处和弱点不同针重要的是要作出适当的选择每个人的做法。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2005 Jun ,34 (6) :329-35
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5
参考中文标题：
微血管的分配反应的跟腱tendonopathy评估颜色和能量多普勒。
PMID及链接：
15785932 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15785932
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVES: To assess the distribution of microvascular response on colour Doppler (CD) and power Doppler (PD) ultrasound (US) of the tendo Achilles (TA) in tendonopathy, and to look for any relationship between tendon morphology and symptoms. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: A retrospective, observational study was carried out on consecutive ambulant US patients with suspected tendonopathy, presenting with pain or an Achilles mass. Exclusion criteria were: use of steroids, and previous or possible rupture or surgery in either tendon or arthropathy. Using a 5-12 MHz linear array probe (ATL HDI 3000) both TAs were scanned. Tendonopathy was defined as tendon swelling and/or hypoechogenicity of the TA. The site, number and distribution of microvascularity, on CD and PD, and the anteroposterior size were recorded, with the analysis masked. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients presented with TA pain and six also with swelling. There were 34 males and 18 females, aged from 11 to 78 years (mean 45 years). Fifty-five TAs that showed tendonopathy with hypoechogenic areas were all observed to be over 5.9 mm (mean 11.1 mm, range 5.9-20 mm), of which 45 were symptomatic with abnormal PD and 24 with abnormal CD flow. It was observed that the extent and completeness of vessel branching was more extensive on PD than CD. All TAs demonstrating tendonopathy were over 5.9 mm in adults and all TAs that showed PD flow were over 6.5 mm. All microvessels originated towards the TA from the ventral surface usually into tendonopathy, and were 16-fold more frequent around the margins. There were 49 TAs with normal spectral US, and with no PD flow, with a mean size of 4.5 mm (range 3.0-7.4 mm). For the right and left TAs independently analysed and taking the 40 patients with a paired asymptomatic and symptomatic tendon: (1) There was a highly significant difference in size (P<0.00001) using the paired t-test (parametric) between the asymptomatic tendon (mean 5.2+/-1.4 mm (1 SD)), and the contralateral morphologically abnormal and symptomatic side (mean 9.7+/-1.4 mm). (2) There was no linear Pearson correlation (0.25) between TA size and duration of symptoms (P=0.11) for symptomatic tendons. (3) There was a positive Spearman correlation (0.84) between the number of vessels and TA size (P<0.00001). (4) There was a significant difference in the number of PD vessels using the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed test (P<0.00001) between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. CONCLUSIONS: (1) PD shows more tendon microvascularity than CD in TA tendonopathy. (2) All microvessels arise on the ventral side of the TA. (3) There is a non-linear relationship between tendonopathy, TA size and the amount of microvascularity, but not between PD and duration of symptoms. (4) Morphologically abnormal adult TAs were larger than 5.9 mm, and PD flow was only seen in TAs above 6.5 mm.
参考中文摘要：
目的：为了评估微血管分布的反应，彩色多普勒（ CD ）和能量多普勒（ PD ）的超声（美国）的跟腱跟腱局长（电讯局长）在tendonopathy ，并寻找任何关系肌腱形态和症状。设计与患者：回顾，观察研究进行了连续移动的美国患者涉嫌tendonopathy ，提出与疼痛或跟腱质量。排除标准为：使用类固醇，和以往的或可能破裂或手术或是肌腱或关节病。使用5-12兆赫线阵探头（人类发展指数3000的ATL ）都助教扫描。 Tendonopathy被界定为肌腱肿胀和/或hypoechogenicity电讯局长。该网站，数量和分布microvascularity ，光盘和PD ，以及前后大小录，蒙面的分析。结果： 52名患者的痛苦与电讯管理局局长和6名也肿胀。有34名为男性， 18女，年龄由11至78岁（平均45岁） 。 55名助教，显示tendonopathy与hypoechogenic领域都观察到了五点九毫米（平均十一点一毫米，范围5.9-20毫米） ，其中45人症状异常放电和24日裁谈会异常流动。有人指出，程度和完整性的船只分支是更广泛的局部放电比光盘。所有助教表明tendonopathy超过五点九毫米成年人和所有助教，显示局部放电流量超过六点五毫米。所有微血管源于对局长从腹面通常到tendonopathy ，并分别为16倍左右更频繁的边缘。有49助教正常光谱美国，并没有局部放电流量，平均大小为4.5毫米（范围3.0-7.4毫米） 。为左，右助教独立分析，并采取了40例配对无症状和症状肌腱： （ 1 ）是一个非常显着性差异的大小（ P “ 0.00001 ）使用配对t检验（参数）之间的无症状肌腱（平均5.2 + / -1.4毫米（ 1的SD ） ） ，和对侧形态异常和症状侧（平均9.7 + / -1.4毫米） 。 （ 2 ）没有线性Pearson相关（ 0.25 ）之间的电讯管理局局长的规模和症状的持续时间（ P值0.11 ）症状肌腱。 （ 3 ）这是一个积极的斯皮尔曼相关性（ 0.84 ）之间的船只数目和TA大小（ P “ 0.00001 ） 。 （ 4 ）有显着性差异的数量放电船只使用非参数配对符号试验（ P “ 0.00001 ）之间的症状和无症状组。结论： （ 1 ）局部放电显示更多的肌腱microvascularity超过裁谈会在打鼓tendonopathy 。 （ 2 ）所有微血管出现的腹一侧的局长。 （ 3 ）是一个非线性关系tendonopathy ，电讯管理局局长的规模和金额microvascularity ，但不与帕金森病和症状的持续时间。 （ 4 ）形态异常成年助教大于五点九毫米，和PD流量仅见于助教以上六点五毫米。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2005 Jun ,34 (6) :336-42
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6
参考中文标题：
静脉内化脓性肉芽肿或静脉小叶毛细血管瘤。
PMID及链接：
15565332 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15565332
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Lobular capillary hemangioma is a vascular neoplasm that commonly occurs as a cutaneous tumor. When it involves the skin and mucosal surfaces, ulceration and suppuration may occur, hence the classic term of pyogenic granuloma. Intravenous pyogenic granuloma is a rare solitary form of lobular capillary hemangioma that usually occurs in the veins of the neck and upper extremities. We report the ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a pyogenic intravenous granuloma localized in the right cephalic vein. The imaging and pathological findings and the differential diagnoses are discussed.
参考中文摘要：
小叶毛细血管瘤是一种常见的血管肿瘤的发生作为一种皮肤癌。当它涉及到皮肤和粘膜表面，溃疡和化脓，可能会出现，因此经典的任期化脓性肉芽肿。静脉内化脓性肉芽肿是一种罕见的单独形式的小叶毛细血管瘤，通常发生在静脉的颈部和上肢。我们报告的超声和磁共振成像结果，化脓性肉芽肿局部静脉在右头静脉。成像及病理发现和鉴别诊断进行了讨论。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2005 Jun ,34 (6) :343-6
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7
参考中文标题：
症状巨头（ 10厘米）骨岛屿的胫骨。
PMID及链接：
15503012 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15503012
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A bone island represents a focus of mature compact bone within the cancellous bone, and it can be diagnosed based on characteristic clinical and radiologic features. The lesion is typically asymptomatic with a preference for the pelvis, femur, and other long bones. On radiographs, the lesion appears as an ovoid, round or oblong homogeneously dense and sclerotic focus in the cancellous bone. The characteristic features of this lesion are radiating bony streaks, known as thorny radiations or pseudopodia. Most bone islands are small, and the majority of these lesions measure from 0.1 to 2.0 cm. A giant bone island, defined as having a diameter greater than 2 cm, has been rarely reported in the English-language literature. We report here on a case of a giant bone island that measured 10 x 1.7 x 1 cm in the diaphysis of the right tibia in a 31-year-old man who complained of right lower leg pain for 3 weeks.
参考中文摘要：
骨岛是一个成熟的重点紧凑骨松质骨内，可以诊断基于特征的临床和影像学特征。病灶通常是无症状的偏爱骨盆，股骨，和其他长骨。 X光片上，病灶显示为卵形，圆形或椭圆形均匀致密，硬化集中在松质骨。的特征是辐射这一病变骨纹，称为棘手辐射或伪足。多数岛屿是小骨，大多数这些病变措施从0.1至2.0厘米。一个巨大的骨岛屿，其定义是：有一个直径大于2厘米，已很少在英文文献。在这里，我们报告一例巨大骨岛衡量10 × 1.7 × 1厘米的骨干的右胫骨的31岁男子谁抱怨权利下肢疼痛3周。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2005 Jun ,34 (6) :347-50
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8
参考中文标题：
关节内软骨瘤的膝盖。
PMID及链接：
15761744 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15761744
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Chondromas are tumours that develop in relation to the periosteum and, although they are common around the knee, most reports deal with soft tissue chondromas in para-articular locations or intracortical tumours in extra-articular regions. We report a rare case of an intra-articular chondroma in a 16-year-old boy of Asian origin developing in the region of the medial femoral condyle of the femur and extending into the femoral sulcus and the patellofemoral joint.
参考中文摘要：
软骨瘤是肿瘤的发展有关的骨膜，虽然他们共同在膝关节周围，大多数报告处理软组织软骨瘤段关节位置或intracortical肿瘤关节外地区。我们报告一例罕见的一种关节内软骨瘤的16岁男孩的亚洲血统发展中国家在该地区的内侧股骨髁股骨和延伸到股骨沟和髌股关节。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2005 Jun ,34 (6) :351-4
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9
参考中文标题：
收插入撕脱伤综合征“ ，大腿夹板” ：相关性放射性的后续行动。
PMID及链接：
15891930 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15891930
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摘 要：
We present a case of chronic osteomyelitis in a 13-year-old girl which was originally diagnosed as adductor insertion avulsion syndrome ("thigh splints") on the basis of the clinical presentation, patient history, initial radiographs and MRI examination. However, at follow-up with persistent pain and altered radiographic and MRI appearances, surgical biopsy was indicated. Histopathological findings confirmed a bone abscess. This case underlines the necessity of clinical follow-up and imaging in certain patients with apparent thigh splints.
参考中文摘要：
本病例慢性骨髓炎在13岁的女孩最初被诊断为内收肌插入撕脱综合症（ “大腿夹板” ）基础上的临床表现，病人的历史，最初的X光片和MRI检查。然而，在后续的持续性痛和改变X线和MRI表现，手术活检表示。病理结果证实了骨脓肿。这种情况下强调必须临床随访和影像在某些患者明显大腿夹板。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2005 Jun ,34 (6) :355-8
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10
参考中文标题：
腘血管压迫综合征引起的一种罕见的异常支路外侧头腓肠肌。
PMID及链接：
15480642 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15480642
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摘 要：
Popliteal vascular entrapment syndrome can result in calf claudication, aneurysm formation, distal arterial emboli, or popliteal vessel thrombosis. The most commonly reported causes of this syndrome have been anomalies of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle as it relates to the course of the popliteal artery. We report two cases of rare anomalous slips of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle causing popliteal vascular entrapment syndrome.
参考中文摘要：
腘血管压迫综合征可导致小腿跛行，动脉瘤形成，远端动脉栓塞，或腘血管血栓形成。最常见的原因，这已经异常综合征的内侧头腓肠肌因为它涉及到的过程中，腘动脉。我们报告两例罕见的异常单外侧头腓肠肌造成腘血管压迫综合征。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2005 Jun ,34 (6) :359-63
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11
参考中文标题：
Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis综合症（与后中线unsegmented酒吧） 。
PMID及链接：
15891931 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/15891931
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摘 要：
Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome (SSS) is characterised by malsegmentation of the thoracic spine and carpal/tarsal fusions. A unilateral or bilateral unsegmented bar may be present in the thoracic spine. Presenting clinical signs are congenital scoliosis early in life, and shortening of the trunk with scoliosis and/or lordosis in older children. We report a 13-year-old girl with SSS and a midline unsegmented bar running along the spinal processes of T3 to L2 and extending into the posterior vertebral elements.
参考中文摘要：
Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis综合症（高中）的特点是malsegmentation的胸椎和腕/睑板融合。单方面或双边unsegmented酒吧可能在胸椎。提交的临床症状是先天性脊柱侧凸的早期生活，缩短与脊柱躯干和/或前凸在年龄较大的儿童。我们报告一个13岁的女孩，高中和中线unsegmented酒吧沿线的脊髓进程的T3到L2和延伸到后椎要素。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2005 Jun ,34 (6) :364-6
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