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Indirect MR arthrography is useful for evaluation of joints such as the elbow, wrist, ankle and shoulder where there is a large synovial surface area relative to joint volume. It allows simultaneous assessment of both intra-articular and extra-articular soft tissues with the added advantage of minimal invasiveness. The established and potential uses of this imaging technique are reviewed below and the pathology that is demonstrated by this technique is discussed. [References: 29]

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间接MR关节造影是有用的评价关节如肘，腕，踝关节和肩膀那里是一个大面积的相对滑膜联合音量。它可同时评估这两个关节和关节外软组织与优势的最低限度的侵袭。既定的和潜在用途的成像技术进行审查，并在下面的病理即证明了这一技术进行了讨论。 [参考文献： 29 ]

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OBJECTIVE: Ethibloc is a fibrogenic and thrombogenic agent recently proposed for the treatment of bone cysts. The purpose of this study is to report the results of direct Ethibloc injection in primary aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) in children. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Seventeen patients, aged from 2 to 18 years (mean 8 years), were treated with either a single injection (14 patients) or supplementary injections (3 patients) of Ethibloc. The histological diagnosis was assessed following surgical biopsy and was retrospectively reviewed. The mean follow-up was 5 years (range 18 months to 11 years). RESULTS: At 5 year follow-up, 14 of 17 patients demonstrated complete healing manifest by increased cortical and septal thickening. Surgical excision was required in three patients, in two of whom the ABC increased rapidly in size despite the injection, and in one of whom the healing was incomplete. We observed inflammatory reactions in 16 of 17 patients with local pain and fever. Three patients developed a small cutaneous fistula which resolved spontaneously in a few weeks. No major complications such as deep infection, pulmonary embolism, epiphyseal necrosis or malignant degeneration were observed. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous direct Ethibloc injection is a safe, efficient and noninvasive treatment for ABC. The authors highlight the frequent local reactions.

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目的： Ethibloc是纤维化和血栓剂最近提出的，用于治疗骨囊肿。本研究的目的是报告的结果，直接Ethibloc注射液主要动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ ABC ）的儿童。设计与患者： 17例，年龄由2至18岁（平均8年），治疗或者单次注射（ 14例）或补充注射（ 3例）的Ethibloc 。组织学诊断为手术活检后评估，并回顾。平均随访5年（包括18个月至11岁）。结果：在5年的后续行动， 14日17例完全愈合明显表明增加大脑皮质和室间隔增厚。手术切除是需要在三个病人，其中两人在美国广播公司的规模迅速增加，尽管注射液，并在其中一人的愈合是不完整的。我们观察到炎症反应中的16个17例局部疼痛和发烧。 3名患者制定了一个小皮瘘其中自动在几周内。没有重大的并发症，如深部感染，肺栓塞，骺坏死或癌变观察。结论：经皮直接Ethibloc注射液是一种安全，有效和无创治疗的美国广播公司。作者突出了频繁局部反应。

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of a limited MR protocol (coronal STIR) as the initial part of the MR examination in patients with hip pain. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Eighty-five patients presenting with hip pain, and normal radiographs of the pelvis, and who underwent our full MR protocol for hips were included retrospectively in the study. The full protocol consists of coronal T1-weighted and short tau inversion-recovery (STIR), and axial T2-weighted sequences. Ninety-three MR examinations were performed. Two radiologists interpreted the STIR (limited) examinations and the full studies separately, masked to each other's findings and to the final diagnosis. Comparison between the two protocols was then undertaken. RESULTS: For both readers, all normal MR examinations on the coronal STIR limited protocol were normal on the full protocol, with an interobserver reliability of 0.96. The STIR protocol was able to detect the presence or absence of an abnormality in 100% of cases (sensitivity). The STIR-only protocol provided a specific diagnosis in only 65% of cases (specificity). CONCLUSION: A normal coronal STIR study of the hips in patients with hip pain and normal radiographs precludes the need for further pelvic MR sequences. Any abnormality detected on this limited protocol should be further assessed by additional MR sequences.

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目的：评价中的作用有限议员协议（冠状搅拌）作为初始部分MR检查患者的髋关节疼痛。设计与患者： 85名病人的髋关节疼痛介绍，正常的骨盆X光片，以及谁下，我们充分磁共振议定书臀部被列入回顾性研究。充分议定书冠状T1加权和短期反转恢复（搅拌），和轴向T2加权序列。 93名议员进行了考试。两个放射解释搅拌（有限）考试，并充分研究另外，蒙面彼此的调查结果和最后的诊断。比较两种协议，然后进行。结果：对于读者，所有正常的磁共振检查的冠状搅拌有限议定书是正常的全面协议，并interobserver可靠性0.96 。该议定书是搅拌能够检测是否存在着一个异常的100 ％的情况下（敏感性）。该搅拌只有议定书提供了一个具体的诊断中，只有65 ％的情况下（具体）。结论：正常冠状搅拌研究髋患者髋关节疼痛，正常X光片排除需要进一步盆腔磁共振序列。发现任何异常就这个有限的议定书应进一步评估额外问序列。

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OBJECTIVE: To compare MR images of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) using microscopy coils with those using a conventional surface coil qualitatively and quantitatively. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Proton density-weighted images and T2-weighted images of the TFCC from ten normal volunteers were obtained with a conventional surface coil (C4 coil; 80 mm in diameter), a 47-mm microscopy surface coil and a 23-mm microscopy surface coil) at 1.5 T. Qualitative image analysis of MR images with three coils was performed by two radiologists who assigned one of five numerical scores (0, nonvisualization; 1, poor; 2, average; 3, good; 4, excellent) for five TFCC components, which were disc proper, triangular ligament, meniscus homologue, ulnotriquetral and ulnolunate ligament. Quantitative analysis included the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the disc proper of TFCC, the lunate cartilage, the lunate bone and the contrast-noise-ratio (C/N) between articular cartilage and disc proper or bone marrow were measured. RESULTS: All structures show higher scores qualitatively on MR with microscopy coils than those with a C4 coil, and the difference was significant with the exception of the ulnolunate ligament. MR with microscopy coils showed significantly higher S/N values than those with a conventional surface coil (P<0.05 to P<0.001). T2-weighted images using microscopy coils showed significantly higher cartilage-disc proper C/N and cartilage-bone marrow C/N (P<0.01 to P<0.001). On proton density-weighted images, the C/N between cartilage and disc proper with two microscopy coils was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that with a conventional coil. CONCLUSION: High-resolution MR images of the normal wrist using microscopy coils were superior to those using a conventional surface coil qualitatively and quantitatively. High-resolution MR imaging with a microscopy coil would be a promising method to diagnose TFCC lesions.

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目的：比较磁共振图像的三角纤维软骨复合体（ TFCC ）使用显微镜线圈与使用传统的表面线圈定性和定量。设计与患者：质子密度加权像和T2加权像-的TFCC正常的志愿人员来自10个获得了与传统表面线圈（的C4线圈; 80毫米的直径）， 47毫米镜表面线圈和一个23 -毫米显微镜表面线圈）定性为1.5吨的磁共振图像分析图像的3个线圈是由两个放射谁指派了一名5个数值分数（ 0 ， nonvisualization ; 1 ，穷人; 2 ，平均; 3 ，良好; 4 ，优秀的） 5 TFCC组成部分，这是正确的光盘，三角韧带，半月板的同源性， ulnotriquetral和ulnolunate韧带。定量分析包括信号噪声比（的S / n ）的光盘适当的TFCC ，在骨软骨的月骨和对比噪声比（ C / N的）之间的关节软骨及椎间盘正确或骨髓测量。结果：所有结构显示得分较高质量的MR与显微镜线圈比那些具有的C4线圈，并有显着性差异除ulnolunate韧带。磁共振显微镜线圈与显着较高的S / n值比常规表面线圈（ P “ 0.05至P ” 0.001 ）。时刻-加权像使用显微镜线圈显示明显高于软骨盘适当的C / N和软骨骨髓C / N比（ P “ 0.01至P ” 0.001 ）。质子密度加权图像， C / N的软骨和椎间盘之间适当显微镜线圈有两个显着升高（ P “ 0.01 ）相比，与传统线圈。结论：高分辨率磁共振图像手腕的正常使用显微镜线圈均优于使用常规表面线圈定性和定量。高分辨率磁共振成像与镜圈将是一个有前途的方法来诊断TFCC病变。

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the imaging findings following acute hamstring injury. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: We retrospectively reviewed the imaging findings of hamstring muscle complex (HMC) strain in 170 patients referred to our institution over a 3-year period. A total of 179 injuries to the HMC were demonstrated in 170 patients (154 male, 16 female, mean age 28.2 years). The mean duration of symptoms was 4.7 days (range 1-10 days). MR imaging was performed in 97 cases and sonography in 102 cases (both modalities were performed in 20 examinations). Attention was directed to the frequency of muscle involvement, the location of the injury within the muscle-tendon unit, the extent of the injury and discriminating avulsion from muscle injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-one patients had proximal tendon injury, with sixteen avulsions and five partial tears. Sixteen of these patients had surgical confirmation of hamstring avulsion from the ischial tuberosity (14 conjoint, 2 biceps femoris alone) and all were reliably diagnosed with MR imaging (16/16), but less so with sonography (7/12). Four distal tendon avulsions were also observed (three semitendinosus, one biceps femoris). With respect to muscle injury, the biceps femoris was most commonly injured (124/154). Semimembranosus was an uncommon muscle injury (21/154) and semitendinosus rare (9/154). Imaging can discriminate a hamstring tendon avulsion from musculotendinous strain and helps identify which patients necessitate surgical management as opposed to conservative treatment.

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目的：探讨影像学表现急性腿筋受伤。设计与患者：我们回顾性的影像学表现腿筋肌肉复杂（ HMC的）在170株转介病人到我们的机构在3年期间。共有179人受伤的HMC的结果表明在170例（ 154男， 16女，平均年龄二十八点二年）。平均症状的持续时间为4.7天（范围1-10天）。磁共振成像是在97例和超声在102例（包括方式进行了20个检查）。注意到了频率的肌肉参与的位置，损伤的肌肉，肌腱股，多大的伤害和歧视性撕脱伤的肌肉损伤。结果与结论： 21名患者近端肌腱损伤，与16 avulsions和五个部分眼泪。其中16例手术证实腿筋撕脱从坐骨结节（ 14结合，仅2股二头肌）以及所有的可靠诊断磁共振成像（ 16/16 ），但那么与超声（ 7月12日）。四个远端肌腱avulsions也观察（三半，一个股二头肌）。关于肌肉受伤，股二头肌是最常见的受伤（一百五十四分之一百二十四）。半是一种罕见的肌肉损伤（一百五十四分之二十一）和半罕见（ 9 / 154 ）。影像可以歧视腿筋肌腱撕脱从musculotendinous应变，并帮助确定哪些患者需要手术治疗，而不是保守治疗。

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We report the case of a 70-year-old man who presented with a history of left buttock pain with radiation into the left leg in an L5 distribution. MRI of the lumbar spine revealed a left sacral stress fracture with periosteal reaction involving the left L5 nerve root anterior to the sacral ala. With spontaneous healing of the fracture, the patient's symptoms resolved completely.

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我们报告的情况下， 70岁的男子谁提交了一份历史的左臀部疼痛放射到左腿在腰5分配。磁共振成像显示腰椎左骶应力性骨折与骨膜反应涉及左侧腰5神经根的骶前鼻翼。自发性骨折愈合，病人的症状完全解决。

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Clear cell sarcoma (malignant melanoma) originating in bone is an extremely rare occurrence, which has been reported twice previously. It is challenging to differentiate this neoplasm from skeletal metastasis of malignant melanoma because it shows no specific imaging, pathological or immunohistochemical features. However, this differentiation is clinically important due to significant differences in patient management. In this article, we present the case of a 55-year-old man with primary clear cell sarcoma arising in the right radius.

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透明细胞肉瘤（恶性黑色素瘤）原产于骨是一种极为罕见，这是以前的两倍报告。这是富有挑战性的区别从这个肿瘤骨转移的恶性黑色素瘤，因为它显示没有具体影像，病理和免疫组化特征。然而，这种区分是重要的临床显着性差异，由于病人的管理。在本文中，我们目前的情况下， 55岁的男子与小学透明细胞肉瘤中产生的权利半径。

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Primary clear cell sarcoma of bone.

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Clear cell sarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma of young adults with melanocytic differentiation. It occurs predominantly in the soft tissue of extremities, typically involving tendons and aponeuroses. Primary clear cell sarcoma of bone is extremely rare. We report a case of primary clear cell sarcoma of the right first metatarsal in a 48-year-old woman and provide a literature review of the entity.

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透明细胞肉瘤是一种罕见的软组织肉瘤的年轻成年人的黑色素细胞的分化。它主要发生在四肢软组织，通常涉及肌腱和aponeuroses 。原发性透明细胞肉瘤，骨是极为罕见。我们报告一例原发性透明细胞肉瘤权第一跖骨48岁女子，并提供文献的实体。

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A 78-year-old man developed a large subdural hematoma extending from T12 to L3 levels following L3 laminectomy and L3-5 posterior spinal fusion. He had associated neurological signs and symptoms. MR imaging showed typical signal characteristics of a subacute intraspinal subdural hematoma. Percutaneous drainage was successfully performed under CT guidance by inserting a Tuohy needle through the L3 laminectomy defect. The catheter packaged with the Tuohy needle was inserted cranially into the hematoma and 30 ml of blood was aspirated. Follow-up MR imaging confirmed resolution of the hematoma and the patient made a rapid recovery.

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一名78岁男子制定了一个大型硬膜下血肿，从T12到L3水平以下三级椎板和L3 - 5后路脊柱融合术。他相关的神经系统症状和体征。磁共振成像显示，典型的信号特征的亚急性椎管内硬膜下血肿。经皮引流是成功CT引导下插入一个Tuohy针通过三级椎板缺损。导管包装与Tuohy针插入cranially进入血肿和30毫升的血液被吸出。后续磁共振成像证实决议血肿，病人迅速恢复。

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