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1
参考中文标题：
骨质疏松性椎体骨折的扩大范围。
作者单位：
Center for Bone Disease, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA, mckiernan.fergus@marshfieldclinic.org.
PMID及链接：
19183993 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19183993
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Apr ,38 (4) :303-8
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2
参考中文标题：
磁共振成像双束重建前交叉韧带。
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, Charit茅, Campus Mitte, Charit茅platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany, alexander.poellinger@charite.de.
PMID及链接：
18622608 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/18622608
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摘 要：
Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using the double-bundle technique is getting highly increasing attention. This surgical approach uses two separate tendon grafts with the intention to reconstruct both anatomic bundles in order to restore the full biomechanical function of the original ligament. With the increasing popularity of this technique, radiologists will be more frequently confronted with patients who underwent this surgical procedure. The aims of this essay are to briefly describe the basic biomechanical and surgical principles and to summarize the magnetic resonance imaging findings of the knee after double-bundle ACL reconstruction.
参考中文摘要：
重建前交叉韧带（ ACL ）利用双束技术越来越高越来越多的注意。这种手术方法使用两个独立的肌腱移植的打算重建这两个解剖束以恢复充分的生物力学功能，原来的韧带。随着日益普及这一技术，放射线将面临更频繁谁患者接受这一手术。的目标，本文是简要介绍了基本的生物力学和手术原则，并总结磁共振成像结果膝关节后双束重建前交叉韧带。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Jul ,38 (4) :309-15
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3
参考中文标题：
滑膜凹膝：磁共振成像审查的解剖和病理特征。
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, Essex, UK.
PMID及链接：
18777177 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/18777177
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摘 要：
The knee joint is a complex anatomical structure playing host to a wide variety of pathological processes. Knowledge of the anatomy of the synovial recesses and plicae relating to the knee is important, as the appearance of pathology in these unusual locations may, even for commonly encountered conditions, lead to diagnostic uncertainty. This review article discusses the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomy of the knee joint with an emphasis on the synovial recesses and plicae. The MRI appearance of a variety of synovial and osteochondral diseases that may involve these sites is illustrated.
参考中文摘要：
膝关节是一个复杂的解剖结构发挥东道国各种各样的病理过程。知识的解剖滑膜皱襞凹槽和有关膝关节是重要的，因为出现了这些不寻常的病理地点可能，即使是经常遇到的情况，导致诊断的不确定性。本次审查论述了核磁共振成像（ MRI ）解剖膝关节重点放在凹槽和滑膜皱襞。的MRI出现各种滑膜和软骨的疾病，可能涉及到这些网站上的说明。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Sep ,38 (4) :317-28
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4
参考中文标题：
股骨沟成像与B超， CT和MRI ：可靠性和概患者髌骨不稳定。
作者单位：
Departments of Radiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UY, UK, andoni.toms@nnuh.nhs.uk.
PMID及链接：
19183987 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19183987
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: Recent advances in surgical intervention for patellar instability have led to a need for long-term radiological monitoring. The aim of this study is to determine whether or not magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound (US) can replace computed tomography (CT) as the standard of care for the evaluation of the femoral sulcus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study comparing the reliability of CT, magnetic resonance (MR), and US for measuring the femoral sulcus in patients with patellar instability. Twenty-four patients were recruited to undergo a CT, MR, and US examination of each knee. Two observers independently measured femoral sulcus angles from subchondral bone and hyaline cartilage on two occasions. Intraclass correlations and generalizability coefficients were calculated to measure the reliability of each of the techniques. Thereafter, two observers measured the femoral sulcus angle from ultrasound images recorded by two independent operators to estimate interobserver and interoperator reliability. RESULTS: Forty-seven knees were examined with CT and US and 44 with MRI. The sulcus angle was consistently smaller when measured from subchondral bone compared to cartilage (5-7 degrees ). Interobserver reliability for CT, MR, and US measurements from subchondral bone were 0.87, 0.80, and 0.82 and from cartilage 0.80, 0.81, and 0.50. Generalizability coefficients of measurements from subchondral bone for CT, MR, and US were 0.87, 0.76, and 0.81 and for cartilage 0.76, 0.73, and 0.05. Most of the variability in the US occurred at image acquisition rather than measurement. CONCLUSION: In patients with patellar instability, CT and MR are reliable techniques for measuring the femoral sulcus angle but US, particularly of the articular cartilage, is not. MR is therefore the most suitable tool for longitudinal studies of the femoral sulcus.
参考中文摘要：
目的：手术治疗新进展干预髌骨不稳定导致需要长期放射性监测。本研究的目的是确定是否磁共振成像（ MRI ）或超声（美国）可以取代计算机断层扫描（ CT ）作为标准的护理评价股骨沟。材料与方法：这是一个潜在的可靠性比较研究的CT ，磁共振（先生） ，和美国的测量股骨沟治疗髌骨不稳定。 24名患者接受聘用的CT ，磁共振，美国审查每个膝盖。两名观察员独立测量股骨沟角度软骨和透明软骨两次。组内相关系数和概计算来衡量的可靠性，每个技术。此后，两名观察员测量股骨沟角从超声图像记录了两个独立的运营商估计interobserver和interoperator可靠性。结果： 47个膝检查与CT ，美国和44个与MRI 。该沟角较小时，一贯软骨测量相比，软骨（ 5-7度） 。 Interobserver可靠性的CT ，磁共振，美国测量软骨是0.87 ， 0.80和0.82和软骨0.80 ， 0.81和0.50 。概系数测量软骨的CT ，磁共振，美国是0.87 ， 0.76 ，和0.81和软骨0.76 ， 0.73和0.05 。大多数的变异发生在美国的图像采集，而不是测量。结论：髌骨不稳定的患者， CT和MR是可靠的技术测量股骨沟角，但美国，特别是关节软骨，是不是。议员因此，最合适的工具，纵向研究的股骨沟。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Apr ,38 (4) :329-38
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5
参考中文标题：
慢性内侧膝盖疼痛事先没有历史创伤：相关性疼痛在休息和运动时使用骨显像与磁共振成像。
作者单位：
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland, florian.buck@gmail.com.
PMID及链接：
19050867 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19050867
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to correlate chronic medial knee pain at rest and during exercise with bone scintigraphic uptake, bone marrow edema pattern (BMEP), cartilage lesions, meniscal tears, and collateral ligament pathologies on magnetic resonance MR imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients with chronic medial knee pain seen at our institute were included in our study. Pain level at rest and during exercise was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). On MR images, BMEP volume was measured, and the integrity of femoro-tibial cartilage, medial meniscus, and medial collateral ligament (MCL) were assessed. Semiquantitative scintigraphic tracer uptake was measured. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: At the day of examination, 40 patients reported medial knee pain at rest, 49 when climbing stairs (at rest mean VAS 33 mm, range 0-80 mm; climbing stairs mean VAS, 60 mm, range 20-100 mm). Bone scintigraphy showed increased tracer uptake in 36 patients (uptake factor, average 3.7, range 2.4-18.0). MRI showed BMEP in 31 studies (mean volume, 4,070 mm(3); range, 1,200-39,200 mm(3)). All patients with BMEP had abnormal bone scintigraphy. Ten percent of patients with pain at rest and 8% of patients with pain during exercise showed no BMEP but tracer uptake in scintigraphy. Tracer uptake and signal change around MCL predicted pain at rest significantly (tracer uptake p = 0.004; MCL signal changes p = 0.002). Only MCL signal changes predicted pain during exercise significantly (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: In chronic medial knee pain, increased tracer uptake in bone scintigraphy is more sensitive for medial knee pain than BMEP on MRI. Pain levels at rest and during exercise correlate with signal changes in and around the MCL.
参考中文摘要：
目的：本研究的目的是要相关慢性内侧膝盖疼痛在休息和运动时骨核素摄取，骨髓水肿模式（ BMEP ） ，软骨损伤，半月板的眼泪，和韧带疾病磁共振磁共振成像（ MRI ） 。材料与方法： 50例慢性内侧膝盖疼痛出现在我们的研究所被列入我们的研究。疼痛程度的休息和运动时使用的评估视觉模拟评分（ VAS ） 。磁共振图像， BMEP量测，以及完整的股，胫骨软骨，内侧半月板和内侧副韧带（ MCL洲立）进行了评估。半核素示踪摄取量。多元线性回归分析进行。结果：在一天的检查， 40例报告内侧膝盖疼痛在休息， 49时爬楼梯（休息时平均增值服务三十三毫米，范围0-80毫米;爬楼梯平均增值服务， 60毫米，射程20-100毫米） 。骨显像显示示踪剂摄取增加36例（吸收的因素，平均3.7 ，范围2.4-18.0 ） 。 MRI显示BMEP 31研究（平均体积，四○七○毫米（ 3 ） ;范围， 1,200-39,200毫米（ 3 ） ） 。所有患者BMEP异常骨显像。百分之十的病人的疼痛在休息和8 ％的患者运动时疼痛无BMEP但示踪剂摄取显像。示踪剂摄取和信号变化预测周围韧带疼痛其余显着（ P值示踪剂摄取0.004 ;韧带信号变化P值0.002 ） 。只有韧带疼痛信号变化预测期间行使显着（ P = 0.001 ） 。结论：在慢性膝关节内侧疼痛，增加示踪剂摄取骨显像更为敏感的内侧膝盖疼痛的MRI比BMEP 。疼痛程度在休息和运动相关的信号变化和周围的韧带。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Dec ,38 (4) :339-47
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6
参考中文标题：
第三头腓肠肌：磁共振成像研究的基础上1039连续膝考试。
作者单位：
Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Hb6, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA, koplasm@ccf.org.
PMID及链接：
19002457 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19002457
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of a third head of the gastrocnemius and to describe the course, morphology, and insertion of the third head as seen on the basis of routine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a prospective study of 1,039 consecutive knee MR examinations which were performed for symptoms of pain not associated with claudication. The examinations were performed between September 2004 and January 2005 and were evaluated for the presence of an anomalous third head of the gastrocnemius and to determine its origin and course. Examinations were performed on a variety of magnets ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 T. RESULTS: Of the 1,039 knees, 20 (1.9%) demonstrated an anomalous third head of the gastrocnemius which was seen arising near the midline of the posterior distal femur, between the mid and medial aspect, and joining the medial aspect of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. The size of the third head varied from a thin threadlike muscle to a rather bulky muscle. In all of these patients, the third head coursed lateral to the popliteal vessels, and none coursed between the vessels. One additional case of a third head of the gastrocnemius was seen which joined the medial head of the gastrocnemius. CONCLUSION: A third head of the gastrocnemius joining the lateral head is not an uncommon variant, seen in 1.9% of knee MR examinations. Most are not associated with vascular symptoms.
参考中文摘要：
目的：本研究的目标是确定的频率，第三头腓肠肌和描述的过程，形态，并插入第三头看到的基础上，常规磁共振（先生）成像的膝盖。材料与方法：本研究是一项前瞻性研究， 1039连续膝关节磁共振检查这些症状表现为疼痛无关跛行。考试之间进行了2004年9月和2005年1月进行了评估是否存在异常第三团长腓肠肌，并确定其来源和过程。考试进行了各种各样的磁铁，从0.2到1.5吨结果： 1039膝盖， 20 （ 1.9 ％ ）表现出了异常的第三次团长腓肠肌这被视为中线附近产生后股骨远端之间，中期和内侧，并加入内侧外侧的腓肠肌头。的大小不同，第三头薄线状肌相当笨重的肌肉。在所有这些患者中，第三头套餐横向到腘船只，没有套餐之间的船只。一个额外的案件三分之一的腓肠肌头被视为加入了内侧头腓肠肌。结论：第三团长腓肠肌外侧头加入并非罕见变异，出现1.9 ％的膝关节磁共振检查。最不相关的血管症状。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Nov ,38 (4) :349-54
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7
参考中文标题：
正中神经横截面积和MRI扩散特征：规范价值在腕隧道。
作者单位：
Clinical Center, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA, lyao@cc.nih.gov.
PMID及链接：
19132371 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19132371
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: Enlargement of the median nerve is an objective potential imaging sign of carpal tunnel syndrome. Diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) may provide additional structural information that may prove useful in characterizing median neuropathy. This study further examines normal values for median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and fractional anisotropy (FA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three wrists in 17 healthy volunteers underwent MRI of the wrist at 3 T. In 13 subjects, DTI was performed at a B value of 600 mm(2)/s. Median nerve CSA, ADC, and FA were analyzed at standardized anatomic levels. RESULTS: Mean (SD) median nerve CSA within the proximal carpal tunnel was 10.0 (3.4) mm(2). The mean (SD) FA of the median nerve was 0.71 (0.06) and 0.70 (0.13) proximal to and within the carpal tunnel, respectively. There was a significant difference between nerve CSA and ADC, but not FA, at the distal forearm and proximal carpal tunnel. Nerve CSA, ADC, and FA did not differ between men and women or between dominant and non-dominant wrists. Nerve CSA at the proximal carpal tunnel was positively correlated with subject age and body mass index. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a 90% upper confidence limit for normal median nerve CSA of 14.4 mm(2) at the proximal carpal tunnel, higher than normal limits reported by many ultrasound studies. We observed a difference between the CSA and ADC, but not the FA, of the median nerve at the distal forearm and proximal carpal tunnel levels.
参考中文摘要：
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Apr ,38 (4) :355-61
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8
参考中文标题：
灰阶和彩色多普勒超声评价恢复post-traumatic/postoperative慢性骨髓炎。
作者单位：
2nd Department of Radiology, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, Athens, 12 464, Greece.
PMID及链接：
19082589 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19082589
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to carry out a systematic assessment of gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) findings of reactivated post-traumatic/postoperative chronic osteomyelitis (COM) in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography were performed on 40 consecutive patients with a history of long-standing post-traumatic/post-operative chronic osteomyelitis and clinical suggestion of reactivation, in a 32-month-period. All patients had metallic implants: 16 internal fixations, nine external fixations, 11 hip arthroplasties and four knee arthroplasties. The final diagnosis of reactivated COM was based upon biopsy findings, with microbiological and histological examination (n = 27), or a combination of laboratory, clinical and magnetic resonance (MR) findings (n = 13). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of sonographic signs, including fistulous tracts, periosteal thickening, cortical discontinuity, soft tissue abscess and cellulitis, juxtacortical fluid, distension of the pseudocapsule in arthroplasties, and periosteal vascularity, were estimated. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between patients with and without reactivated COM were found for fistulous tracts (P < 0.0001), juxtacortical fluid collections (P < 0.001) periosteal thickening (P < 0.01), distension of pseudocapsule (P < 0.05), and periosteal vascularity (P < 0.0001). Low-resistance arterial flow of periosteal vessels presented the highest sensitivity (92%), specificity, and PPV (100%), yielding only two false negative results in two obese patients. Among gray-scale findings, the presence of a fistulous tract yielded the highest specificity and PPV (100%), whereas periosteal thickening was the most sensitive (92%), though not specific, finding (specificity 50%). CONCLUSION: A constellation of gray-scale and CDUS findings can be highly indicative of reactivated bone infection in patients with long-standing chronic post-traumatic/post-operative osteomyelitis.
参考中文摘要：
目的：我们的目的是进行系统的评估灰阶和彩色多普勒超声（彩超）结果，重新post-traumatic/postoperative慢性骨髓炎（ COM ）的成年人。材料与方法：灰阶及彩色多普勒超声分别对40例患者的历史长期post-traumatic/post-operative慢性骨髓炎及临床建议，重新启动，在32个月的期间。所有患者均有金属植入： 16内固定， 9外部固定， 11髋arthroplasties和四个膝盖arthroplasties 。最后诊断启动的COM是根据活检结果，与微生物和组织学检查（ 27例） ，或结合的实验室，临床和磁共振（先生）的调查结果（ 13例） 。的敏感性，特异性，阳性预测值（ PPV ）服务和阴性预测值（净现值）的超声迹象，包括瘘道，骨膜增厚，骨皮质不连续的问题，软组织脓肿，蜂窝组织炎，皮质旁液，腹胀的pseudocapsule在arthroplasties和骨膜血管，估计。结果：统计学患者之间的差异和不启动的COM被发现的瘘道（ P “ 0.0001 ） ，皮质旁流体收藏（ P ” 0.001 ） ，骨膜增厚（ P “ 0.01 ） ，腹胀的pseudocapsule （ P ” 0.05 ） ，骨膜血管（ P “ 0.0001 ） 。低阻力动脉血流的骨膜血管提交最高灵敏度（ 92 ％ ） ，特异性及阳性（ 100 ％ ） ，收益率只有两个假阴性结果在两个肥胖患者。在灰阶结果，在场的情况下瘘道带来了最高的特异性和阳性（ 100 ％ ） ，而骨膜增厚是最敏感（ 92 ％ ） ，但并不具体，寻找（特异性50 ％ ） 。结论：一个星座的灰阶和彩超结果可以高度表明恢复骨感染患者长期慢性post-traumatic/post-operative骨髓炎。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Dec ,38 (4) :363-9
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9
参考中文标题：
Risser签署间评定和内部评定协议：是Risser签署可靠吗？
作者单位：
Department of Orthopaedics, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr. Suite 112, San Diego, CA, 92134-1112, USA.
PMID及链接：
19002685 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19002685
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摘 要：
BACKGROUND: Studies directly evaluating the reliability of the Risser sign are few in number, possess small sample sizes, and offer conflicting results. This study establishes the reliability of the Risser sign on a large sample size in an effort to provide clarification on the subject. METHODS: Two years' worth of AP pelvis radiographs from patients age 8-20 were downloaded from our institution's digital imaging system. One hundred of these images were selected for inclusion by an independent reviewer whose goal was to capture a spread of radiographs that included all Risser stages. Risser grading occurred in two rounds. In each round, three examiners randomly reviewed the 100 radiographs on three different occasions. The full AP pelvis radiograph was graded in Round 1 while only the iliac apophysis was visible in Round 2. Kappa coefficients and their confidence bounds are reported to indicate intra- and inter-observer reliability. The contrast between the rates of agreement about Risser stages in Rounds 1 versus 2 was assessed by McNemar's test. The signed-rank test was used to evaluate differences in intra-observer values between rounds. RESULTS: Round 1 inter-observer kappa was 0.76. Round 2 inter-observer kappa was 0.51. In Round 1, 63 radiographs showed perfect agreement within the same Risser stage for all observations compared to 44 radiographs with perfect agreement within the same Risser stage in Round 2 (p = 0.004). Round 1 intra-observer kappa values were 0.92, 0.86, and 0.88. Round 2 intra-observer kappa values were 0.91, 0.77, and 0.88. Intra-observer value differences between rounds were not significant for two observers (p = 0.074, 0.061) but was significant for the third observer (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The reliability of the Risser sign is acceptable and can be further improved when other markers of skeletal maturity on the pelvis radiograph are used to assist in grading.
参考中文摘要：
背景：研究直接评价的可靠性Risser注册人数寥寥无几，拥有小样本量，并提供相互矛盾的结果。这项研究建立了可靠的Risser签署大样本大小，以努力澄清这一问题。方法：两年价值美联社骨盆X光片患者的年龄从8月20日被下载从我们机构的数字成像系统。 100这些图像被选定为列入由一个独立的评论，其目标是捕捉蔓延片，其中包括所有Risser阶段。 Risser分级发生在两轮。每一轮中， 3名考官随机审查了100线的三个不同的场合。充分美联社骨盆X线分级的第一轮，而只有髂隆起可见回合2 。 Kappa值系数和他们的信心跨越报告表明内部和观察员的可靠性。之间的对比率协议Risser阶段回合1与2 ，评估麦克尼马尔的测试。签署的秩和检验是用来评价分歧内部观察值之间的比赛。结果：第一回合间观察员Kappa值为0.76 。第二回合间观察员Kappa值为0.51 。在第一回合， 63岁的X光片显示，完美的协议，在同一个舞台，所有Risser意见相比， 44个X光片与完善协议在同一Risser阶段回合2 （ p值= 0.004 ） 。 1回合内观察员卡伯值分别为0.92 ， 0.86和0.88 。第二回合内观察员卡伯值分别为0.91 ， 0.77和0.88 。内部观察值之间的差异无显着轮的两名观察员（ p值= 0.074 ， 0.061 ） ，但显着的第三观察员（ p值= 0.002 ） 。结论：可靠性Risser签署是可以接受的，并可以进一步改善的其他标志的骨骼成熟的骨盆X线是用来协助分级。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2008 Nov ,38 (4) :371-5
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10
参考中文标题：
肩，髋关节和膝关节造影针安置使用透视指导：实践模式的肌肉骨骼放射在北美。
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA, conorshortt@hotmail.com.
PMID及链接：
19183985 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19183985
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摘 要：
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the range of techniques used by radiologists performing shoulder, hip, and knee arthrography using fluoroscopic guidance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Questionnaires on shoulder, hip, and knee arthrography were distributed to radiologists at a national radiology meeting. We enquired regarding years of experience, preferred approaches, needle gauge, gadolinium dilution, and volume injected. For each approach, the radiologist was asked their starting and end needle position based on a numbered and lettered grid superimposed on a radiograph. RESULTS: Sixty-eight questionnaires were returned. Sixty-eight radiologists performed shoulder and hip arthrography, and 65 performed knee arthrograms. Mean experience was 13.5 and 12.8 years, respectively. For magnetic resonance arthrography, a gadolinium dilution of 1/200 was used by 69-71%. For shoulder arthrography, an anterior approach was preferred by 65/68 (96%). The most common site of needle end position, for anterior and posterior approaches, was immediately lateral to the humeral cortex. A 22-gauge needle was used by 46/66 (70%). Mean injected volume was 12.7 ml (5-30). For hip arthrography, an anterior approach was preferred by 51/68 (75%). The most common site of needle end position, for anterior and lateral approaches, was along the lateral femoral head/neck junction. A 22-gauge needle was used by 53/68 (78%). Mean injected volume was 11.5 ml (5-20). For knee arthrography, a lateral approach was preferred by 41/64 (64%). The most common site of needle end position, for lateral and medial approaches, was mid-patellofemoral joint level. A 22-gauge needle was used by 36/65 (56%). Mean injected volume was 28.2 ml (5-60). CONCLUSION: Arthrographic approaches for the shoulder, hip, and knee vary among radiologists over a wide range of experience levels.
参考中文摘要：
目的：本研究的目的是评估各种技术所使用的放射表演肩，髋关节和膝关节造影使用透视指导。材料与方法：调查表的肩膀，臀部和膝盖关节被分发到放射科在全国放射学会议。我们询问关于多年的经验，首选的方法，针规，钆稀释和注射量。对于每一个办法，放射科医生被要求其开始和结束的基础上针的位置编号和字母叠加的网格线。结果： 68问卷返回。 68名放射科进行肩，髋关节关节，膝关节和65进行arthrograms 。平均经验是13.5和12.8岁。磁共振造影，一个钆稀释1 / 200使用的是69-71 ％ 。肩关节，前路是一个首选的68分之65 （ 96 ％ ） 。最常见的网站针终端位置，为前，后的做法，立即向肱骨外侧皮层。 22衡量针使用的是66分之46 （ 70 ％ ） 。平均注入量为12.7毫升（ 5月30日） 。对于髋关节的前路是首选的第51/68号决议（ 75 ％ ） 。最常见的网站针终端位置，前部和侧面的做法，是沿侧股骨头/颈交界处。 22衡量针使用的是53/68 （ 78 ％ ） 。平均注入量为11.5毫升（ 5月20日） 。膝关节造影，横向办法是首选的六十四分之四十一（ 64 ％ ） 。最常见的网站针终端位置，横向和内侧的办法，是中髌股关节的水平。 22衡量针使用的是65分之36 （ 56 ％ ） 。平均注入量为28.2毫升（ 5-60 ） 。结论： Arthrographic办法的肩膀，臀部和膝盖不同，放射了广泛的经验水平。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Apr ,38 (4) :377-85
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11
参考中文标题：
Oxalosis小学hyperoxaluria在婴儿期：一病例报告在3个月大的婴儿。随访3年及文献复习。
作者单位：
Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital Research Institute, P.za S.Onofrio 4, Rome, Via Torre di Palidoro, Palidoro, Rome, Italy, pschingo@alice.it.
PMID及链接：
19132372 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19132372
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摘 要：
Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver-kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.
参考中文摘要：
小学hyperoxaluria （ PH1 ）是一种罕见的先天性常染色体隐性代谢紊乱由于缺乏肝丙氨酸乙醛酸-转氨酶。这一缺陷导致过度合成和尿液草酸，诱导肾结石的形成和草酸钙沉积在肾脏，骨骼，心肌和血管（系统性oxalosis ，周艳）在受影响最严重的个人。我们报告肾和骨骼变化在3个月大的女孩， PH1和做。激烈的皮质，髓质hyperechogenicity和增加均匀辐射的正常大小的肾脏建议诊断做。骨骼肌的调查显示，骨质疏松和特点对称干骺端横带长骨，逐渐变得更加密集和迁移对骨干。多种病理和慢慢愈合骨折肢体发生在密集带一级。阿透X线边缘，然后观察到扁骨，软骨细胞核，与椎体。炎性肉芽肿反应，引起在场的情况下草酸钙晶体的骨髓空格，共存逐步明显放射性迹象继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进，以部分重叠功能。病人治疗的腹膜透析和血液透析，直到合并肝，肾联合移植。没有以前的报告中的婴儿的血液透析治疗2年以上。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Apr ,38 (4) :387-91
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12
参考中文标题：
疣状癌的脚和加强评估的MRI 。
作者单位：
Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA, plwasser@wfubmc.edu.
PMID及链接：
19183994 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19183994
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摘 要：
Verrucous carcinoma (VC), also known as epithelioma cuniculatum, of the foot is an uncommon low-grade squamous cell carcinoma with slow, progressive local invasion with minimal dysplasia and low potential for metastasis. We report on a case of VC and the enhancement pattern associated with it on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR imaging revealed a plantar ulcer with an interesting pattern of enhancement at the base of the mass. The interface between the mass and the normal stroma exhibited a fine-filamentous pattern of enhancement, analogous to teased cotton wool, with impressive correlation to the histological appearance of our specimen. It is our opinion that VC could be included in the differential of a plantar ulcer associated with a mass that exhibits this enhancement pattern.
参考中文摘要：
疣状癌（ VC ）的，也被称为上皮cuniculatum ，足部是一种少见的低度鳞状细胞癌与缓慢的，渐进的地方入侵最少的发育不良和低潜力转移。我们报告一例VC和增强模式与它相关的磁共振（先生）成像。磁共振成像显示，足底溃疡的一个有趣的模式，加强在该基地的质量。之间的界面质量和正常基质呈细丝状格局增强，类似的嘲笑原棉，以令人印象深刻的相关组织学标本的外观。我们认为，风险投资可以列入鉴别的足底溃疡相关的质量，展示这个增强模式。
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Apr ,38 (4) :393-5
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13
参考中文标题：
浏览器的说明。
作者单位：
PMID及链接：
19229582 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19229582
出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Apr ,38 (4) :397-8
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14
参考中文标题：
2009年的骨放射学会年会，科学简介环节，8-11 2009年3月，野生沙丘度假村，棕榈，资深大律师，美国岛。
作者单位：
PMID及链接：
19229583 http://www.syyxw.com/Archive/Detail/19229583
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出 处：
Skeletal radiology. 2009 Apr ,38 (4) :399-416
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